China Import and Export of Lithium Carbonate and Lithium Hydroxide in First Two Months of 2023

Published: Mar 22, 2023 15:57
Source: SMM
China’s lithium carbonate imports were 11,869 mt in January, a month-on-month increase of 9% and year-on-year increase of 13%. Imports from Chile increased by 15% month-on-month, while those from Argentina decreased by 15% month-on-month.

SHANGHAI, Mar 22 - China’s lithium carbonate imports were 11,869 mt in January, a month-on-month increase of 9% and year-on-year increase of 13%. Imports from Chile increased by 15% month-on-month, while those from Argentina decreased by 15% month-on-month. The average lithium carbonate import price stood at $61,367/mt in January 2023, an increase of 13% month-on-month and 405% year-on-year. Among them, the average price of imported lithium carbonate from Chile was $65,339/mt, a slight increase of 13% from December. In terms of the destinations of the imports, 41% of Chinese total imports of lithium carbonate went to Shanghai, 41% to Guangdong, 7% to Jiangsu, and 7% to Fujian.

China’s lithium carbonate imports were 9,438 mt in February, a month-on-month decrease of 20% but a year-on-year increase of 58%. Imports from Chile fell by 20% month-on-month, and those from Argentina decreased by 27% month-on-month. The average lithium carbonate import price stood at $79,454/mt in February 2023, an increase of 29% month-on-month and 367% year-on-year. The average price of imported lithium carbonate from Chile was $84,910/mt, a slight increase of 30% from January. In terms of the destinations, 57% of China’s total imports of lithium carbonate went to Shanghai, 14% to Guangdong, 13% to Fujian and 7% to Jiangsu. Thelithium carbonate imports totalled 21,307 mt from January to February 2023, a year-on-year increase of 30%.

China exported 9,627 mt of lithium hydroxide in January 2023, a month-on-month growth of 10% and year-on-year increase of 15%. Exports to South Korea rose 33% month-on-month, while exports to Japan fell 31% month-on-month. The average lithium hydroxide export price was $55,295/mt in January 2023, a drop of 18% month-on-month and a surge of 247% year-on-year. The average price of lithium hydroxide exported to South Korea was $61,478/mt, and that of lithium hydroxide exported to Japan was $33,936/mt.

China exported 10,344 mt of lithium hydroxide in February 2023, a month-on-month growth of 7% and year-on-year increase of 127%. Exports to South Korea rose 14% month-on-month, while exports to Japan fell 14% month-on-month. The average lithium hydroxide export price was $55,295/mt in February 2023, a drop of 18% month-on-month and a surge of 180% year-on-year. The average price of lithium hydroxide exported to South Korea was $64,370/mt, and that of lithium hydroxide exported to Japan was $45,372/mt. From January to February 2023, China’s exports of lithium hydroxide totalled 19,971 mt, a year-on-year increase of 70%.

China imported 363,789 mt of spodumene concentrate in physical content in January 2023, down 14% on the month. The imports from Australia recorded 328,486 mt, accounting for about 90% of Chinese monthly import volume. In terms of the destinations of the imports, 43% of imports went to Sichuan province, 27% Jiangxi province, 16% Shanghai, and 5% Jiangsu province.

China imported 314,576 mt of spodumene concentrate in physical content in February 2023, up 18% on the month. The imports from Australia recorded 265,159 mt, accounting for about 84% of Chinese monthly import volume. In terms of the destinations of the imports, 32% of imports went to Sichuan province, 29% Jiangxi province, 14% Shanghai, and 6% Jiangsu province. From January to February 2023, China's cumulative import volume of spodumene concentrate was 678,365 mt (equivalent to about 84,800 mt of LCE equivalent).



Data Source Statement: Except for publicly available information, all other data are processed by SMM based on publicly available information, market communication, and relying on SMM's internal database model. They are for reference only and do not constitute decision-making recommendations.

For any inquiries or for more information, please contact: lemonzhao@smm.cn
For more information on how to access our research reports, please contact:service.en@smm.cn
Related News
Zimbabwe Lithium Producers Commit $1.45B to Local Processing, Seek Export Ban Flexibility
8 hours ago
Zimbabwe Lithium Producers Commit $1.45B to Local Processing, Seek Export Ban Flexibility
Read More
Zimbabwe Lithium Producers Commit $1.45B to Local Processing, Seek Export Ban Flexibility
Zimbabwe Lithium Producers Commit $1.45B to Local Processing, Seek Export Ban Flexibility
Zimbabwe's lithium producers have committed approximately $1.45 billion to local beneficiation infrastructure, Lithium Producers Association Chairman Innocent Rukweza said at the Mine Entra Beneficiation and Value Addition Symposium in Bulawayo. The industry is seeking government flexibility on the pending unbeneficiated spodumene export restriction, citing limited sulphate-plant readiness. Of seven major producers, only Prospect Lithium Zimbabwe's Huayou-linked Arcadia plant ($400 million) has commissioned sulphate conversion, exporting Africa's first locally produced lithium sulphate in April 2026. Sinomine's $500 million Bikita plant remains under construction; Kamativi Mining Company's $200 million-plus project is at investment stage; a fourth facility targets end-2027. Concentrate exports move CIF China via Beira and Durban, with grid instability and border/rail congestion at Machipanda, Beitbridge-Durban and Maputo adding risk to export timelines. The industry's effective tax burden is estimated at ~40% of sales revenue (10% export tax, 7% royalties, 3% community levy, 1% MMCZ fee, 15.5% VAT), which the association has called SMM View: Zimbabwe's beneficiation drive remains a one-plant story Arcadia commissioned, three others still at construction or investment stage. Grid reliability and corridor congestion, not capital alone, will determine how fast that gap closes.
8 hours ago
[SMM Analysis] Mandrake Starts Brine Production at Utah's Evelyn Chambers
8 hours ago
[SMM Analysis] Mandrake Starts Brine Production at Utah's Evelyn Chambers
Read More
[SMM Analysis] Mandrake Starts Brine Production at Utah's Evelyn Chambers
[SMM Analysis] Mandrake Starts Brine Production at Utah's Evelyn Chambers
Australian lithium developer Mandrake Resources has commenced swabbing activities at its Evelyn Chambers #1 well in Utah's Paradox Basin, targeting bulk brine production from the Mississippian Leadville Formation reservoir. Brine is being extracted from existing perforations within the Leadville Formation originally installed for oil and gas production, now depleted, and not optimised for the modelled high-grade lithium zones within the formation. Mandrake estimates a purpose-drilled lithium brine well, offering more selective zone targeting, would cost approximately $4-million. Production testing will include flow and pressure testing, staged chemical analysis of brine over defined pumping periods, and reservoir deliverability assessment, with results feeding directly into commercial modelling and scoping studies. The work is partly funded by a $1-million federal grant awarded by the US Department of Energy to the Paradox Basin Lithium Group. Bulk brine will be transferred into storage totes for initial supply to Electroflow Technologies and several other direct lithium extraction (DLE) providers. Electroflow's DLE demonstration plant is set to receive 10,000 litres of lithium brine, which will undergo technical and commercial appraisal covering purity, recovery, and processing cost data. Electroflow's stated end-use targets are battery-grade lithium carbonate and lithium iron phosphate. Mandrake noted that improved sentiment in the global lithium market has renewed investor and corporate interest in the sector, with several opportunities currently under assessment for the Utah project's development. SMM Outlook: The 10,000-litre initial supply volume to Electroflow is a modest first tranche relative to what a purpose-drilled well could ultimately deliver, but it's sufficient to generate the purity/recovery benchmarks needed before capital is committed to the $4-million dedicated well option. Reservoir deliverability data from the current swabbing campaign rather than the DLE appraisal itself will likely be the binding constraint on how quickly Mandrake can scale supply to multiple DLE partners.
8 hours ago
[SMM Analysis] Corica Awarded-US$348 million Open-Pit Mining Services Contract at Goulamina Lithium Project, Mali
8 hours ago
[SMM Analysis] Corica Awarded-US$348 million Open-Pit Mining Services Contract at Goulamina Lithium Project, Mali
Read More
[SMM Analysis] Corica Awarded-US$348 million Open-Pit Mining Services Contract at Goulamina Lithium Project, Mali
[SMM Analysis] Corica Awarded-US$348 million Open-Pit Mining Services Contract at Goulamina Lithium Project, Mali
Corica Mali, a subsidiary of Corica Mining Services, has been awarded the open-pit mining services contract at the Goulamina spodumene project in Mali, valued at approximately $348 million. The contract follows a competitive tender process and covers six months of pre-production activity followed by a fixed five-year term. Corica has already mobilised to site under an early works arrangement and is currently carrying out pre-strip and direct shipped ore (DSO) mining and crushing. Scope covers grade control, drill and blast, load and haul, and plant ore-feed services, with a planned material movement target of 18-20 Mt/y over the contract term. This figure refers to total mined material (ore plus waste), distinct from finished spodumene concentrate output Goulamina's Stage 1 definitive feasibility study outlines nameplate production of roughly 506,000 tonnes per annum of 6% Li₂O spodumene concentrate (SC6), with test work validating high-quality, low mica concentrate. On logistics, Goulamina is landlocked, located roughly 50 km west of Bougouni in southern Mali, and spodumene concentrate produced at site is trucked overland to coastal ports for onward shipment to end markets, predominantly Chinese converters. Industry practice for landlocked West African spodumene projects is to sell concentrate on an FOB basis at the export port, with the buyer arranging and bearing ocean freight from that point; Mali-origin concentrate has historically moved primarily via Abidjan, with San Pedro and Dakar available as secondary corridors. Specific Incoterms and export routing for Goulamina's commercial shipments were not disclosed in the contract announcement and should be confirmed against offtake documentation rather than assumed. Goulamina holds all key approvals and permits required for production. Ownership has changed since the original mining contract was announced: Ganfeng Lithium, previously a 50% joint-venture partner, acquired the remaining 40% stake from Leo Lithium in a transaction completed through 2024-2025, and now holds the project alongside the Government of Mali's equity interest under the terms of the country's revised mining code. First commercial shipment from Goulamina occurred in August 2025, superseding the original H1 2024 production target set when the contract was first announced. Corica has operated in the West African mining services sector for over 20 years and reports a workforce of more than 2,000 employees. SMM View: The Corica contract underlines the scale of open-pit mining services demand accompanying Mali's ramp-up as a spodumene supply source, with an 18-20 Mt/y material movement target supporting Goulamina's roughly 506,000 tpa SC6 nameplate capacity. With Ganfeng now holding full private ownership following its 2024-2025 buyout of Leo Lithium's stake, offtake and logistics decisions at Goulamina sit entirely with Ganfeng and the Malian state, reinforcing China's direct control over a growing share of West African spodumene supply reaching Chinese conversion capacity.
8 hours ago
China Import and Export of Lithium Carbonate and Lithium Hydroxide in First Two Months of 2023 - Shanghai Metals Market (SMM)