SMM's review lists 2023's top 10 LFP industry trends, covering investment, pricing, market trends, and trade. Iron phosphate and LFP saw excess capacity and price drops, contrasting with the prior year.
Companies are sharpening skills and cutting costs to confidently grow their customer base and plan ahead. Yet, as newcomers join, traditional firms' edges fade, with each new player adding significant competitive force.
Current Situation 1: Investment fever is shifting from boom to decline due to lower returns.
Investment enthusiasm is cooling as the capital-to-output ratio declines, moving from fervent to cautious. In 2024, investment in iron phosphate and LFP will likely decrease, with capital favoring only high-quality, competitive resources, leading to a temporary lull in other businesses after their boom.
Current Situation 2: Market saturation with many competitors.
The iron phosphate and LFP market is congested with diverse firms. The firms entering this market include those expanding through multiple locations and factory areas, other new energy companies strategizing their involvement in iron phosphate and LFP, and non-new energy sector companies seeking new growth opportunities through joint ventures or wholly-owned manufacturing plants. Both state-owned and private enterprises are engaging in the fray, encompassing a wide range of industries such as automotive, real estate, chemical, machinery, and more.
Current Situation 3: Excessive capacity outstripping future demand.
New capacity far exceeds demand, creating a surplus that could last 3-5 years, risking idle facilities and asset devaluation. In 2023, capacity for some top firms surged by 329%.
Current Situation 4: Marginal profits present a profitability challenge.
Companies in the iron phosphate and LFP sectors face a tough choice post-completion: not producing incurs losses, while starting production increases them. Most operate at slim margins, unable to cover costs, making short-term profits elusive. Additionally, many struggle to adapt in this crowded market, impacting their survival and growth prospects.
Current Situation 5: Fierce competition leading to low-price positioning in the market.
New and established firms use low pricing to maintain or gain market share, often selling below cost amid weak demand, leading to intense competition. Survival hinges on enduring pressure and securing supply and client ties, which are often tenuous.
Current Situation 6: The market is characterized by swift technological iteration and product evolution.
Iron phosphate and LFP products rapidly evolve. Newly stabilized production lines must quickly adapt to fresh demands from battery cell makers for specific particulate sizes, compaction, or energy densities. Firms often modify production to meet varied client demands due to differing technical abilities, processes, and formulations, making one product type unsuitable for all.

Even with normal production, downstream effectiveness varies. Product A may succeed where Product B fails; today's standards may surpass yesterday's. Take iron phosphate as an example: Iron phosphate firms often tailor production lines to single clients, staying flexible to meet changing needs through continuous dialogue and sample testing.
Downstream product issues prompt immediate production halts for investigation, potentially leading to standstills lasting days to weeks. This is one reason why vertically integrated enterprises (combining both iron phosphate and LFP production) have gained popularity over the past couple of years. Integrated companies benefit from lower costs and excel at fast product iteration due to streamlined communication and smoother review processes. However, full integration can limit engagement with new iron phosphate products, potentially impeding tech progress.
Current Situation 7: Extended payment terms delay receivables.
To maintain market share, iron phosphate and LFP firms offer "discounts" to clients, sacrificing a portion of their profits and retaining the capital pressure. This has indirectly increased operational costs for these companies, as maintaining operations requires significant cash flow. Many businesses secure funds from the new energy supply chain or safeguard their financial security through measures such as pre-financing or purchasing insurance, which in turn increases their financial expenses.
In easy capital markets, firms may access quick funds, but these can vanish if returns lag. With expectations of a market contraction in 2024, some companies may be unable to continue supplying certain downstream enterprises. Some of the receivables may turn into bad debt, irretrievably absorbed by the market. Firms must guard against funding chain crises.
Current Situation 8: Market dominance by few (80/20 rule).
A few firms dominate the iron phosphate and LFP markets, with 20% of companies earning 80% of profits, or sometimes 5% capturing 95%. Smaller firms, disadvantaged in market competition, risk obscurity by 2024 if they can't keep pace.
Current Situation 9: Contract breaches rising (Integrity decline).
Rampant contract breaches in iron phosphate and LFP markets, with deals often voided, eroding contract reliability. Clients and suppliers frequently cancel orders for cheaper alternatives, undermining loyalty. Moreover, contracts are increasingly seen as worthless paper, losing their enforcement power: the absence of security deposits or down payments leads to a no-risk environment for breaches, and it is rare to find market participants who honor agreements even when it means incurring losses. However, the market should not be heartless. In economic transactions, the invisible hand of contract integrity and the principle of trust still play a crucial role.
Current Situation 10: Widespread slowdown, with optimism for the future.
In late 2023, iron phosphate and LFP firms slowed expansion, large ones cut production, and small ones paused operations. A slow market isn't dire; the future for power and energy storage is bright. LFP firms are avoiding entanglements in alliances that require significant compromise prioritize capital recovery, cost-cutting, and stable operations to prepare for future market growth.
In summary: Industry challenges like overcapacity, price wars, and slowing demand are secondary to the core issue: the declining respect for contracts and integrity. These issues have rendered the LFP industry, which was already liberal in its payment practices, as fragile as a house of cards. In a sector-wide collapse, no entity is blameless. Surviving firms keep costs low and reputations intact to capitalize on future opportunities.