Ten Departments: Aim for Pure EVs to Become the Mainstream of New Vehicle Sales by 2035

The Ministry of Transport and nine other departments have issued a guidance on promoting the integrated development of transportation and energy. The guidance points out that by 2035, a comprehensive interactive integration between transportation and the new energy system will be promoted, initially establishing a transportation energy consumption system primarily based on clean and low-carbon energy, with scientific and technological innovation as the key support and green, smart, and conservation-oriented direction. The proportion of electricity in the terminal energy consumption of the transportation sector will remain high, and green power developed based on transportation infrastructure will mainly be consumed locally. Pure electric vehicles will become the mainstream of newly sold vehicles, and new energy heavy-duty trucks for commercial use will be applied on a large scale, with the basic establishment of a green fuel supply system for transportation. The following is the specific original text: Guidance on Promoting the Integrated Development of Transportation and Energy by the Ministry of Transport and Nine Other Departments To all provincial, autonomous region, and municipal authorities responsible for transportation, development and reform, industry and information technology, natural resources, energy, railways, civil aviation, and postal services, as well as the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and planned single-listed cities, and to all provincial, autonomous region, and municipal power companies of State Grid Corporation of China and China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd.: In order to accelerate the construction of a strong transportation nation and a new energy system, promote the integrated development of the transportation infrastructure network and the energy network, and ensure national energy security, the following opinions are proposed to promote the integrated development of transportation and energy. I. General Requirements Guided by Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the second and third plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, adhere to coordinated linkage, overall planning, government guidance, and market dominance, accelerate the development and utilization of clean energy in transportation infrastructure, promote the green and low-carbon substitution of transportation power, and strengthen the guarantee of clean energy for transportation, providing strong support for the active and steady promotion of carbon peak and carbon neutrality in the transportation sector, accelerating the construction of a strong transportation nation, and fully building a modern socialist country. By 2027, a multi-departmental collaborative mechanism for the integrated development of transportation and energy will be basically formed, with policies, regulations, standards, and technical equipment systems gradually improved. The proportion of electricity in the terminal energy consumption of the transportation sector will reach 10%. The installed capacity of non-fossil energy power generation along transportation infrastructure will not be less than 5 million kW, with the proportion of local consumption steadily increasing. The share of NEVs in new car sales will increase year by year, and the production capacity of green fuels for transportation will significantly improve. By 2035, a comprehensive interactive integration between transportation and the new energy system will be promoted, initially establishing a transportation energy consumption system primarily based on clean and low-carbon energy, with scientific and technological innovation as the key support and green, smart, and conservation-oriented direction. The proportion of electricity in the terminal energy consumption of the transportation sector will remain high, and green power developed based on transportation infrastructure will mainly be consumed locally. Pure electric vehicles will become the mainstream of newly sold vehicles, and new energy heavy-duty trucks for commercial use will be applied on a large scale, with the basic establishment of a green fuel supply system for transportation. II. Strengthening the Coordination of Transportation and Energy Infrastructure Planning (1) Promote the interaction and connection of transportation and energy infrastructure planning. In national relevant plans, strengthen the comprehensive development and utilization of clean energy in the transportation sector. Conduct a census of new energy resources along transportation infrastructure. Coordinate elements such as the natural endowment of clean energy, energy demand, and construction conditions, and promote the formulation of provincial-level clean energy development and utilization plans for transportation infrastructure, ensuring consistency with national and provincial-level related plans. (2) Plan the clean energy supply and guarantee system for transportation in a coordinated manner. Develop a network plan for charging (swapping) stations for highways and waterways, enhance coordination with power grid planning, and improve the level of local clean energy guarantees. Improve the planning of the green fuel refueling system for vehicles and vessels, and systematically promote the development of green fuel refueling facilities and equipment for vehicles and vessels. Develop a plan for railway electrification, and promote new models of clean energy power supply. III. Optimize the Management of Clean Energy Development in Transportation Infrastructure (3) Strengthen the guarantee of elements for clean energy development in transportation infrastructure. Enhance the guarantee of land and sea resources, and under the premise of complying with territorial spatial planning and ecological protection requirements, encourage the development of clean energy using unutilized and existing lands around transportation infrastructure. Strengthen the integrated design of transportation and energy infrastructure, and promote the shared use of channels, corridors, and poles. Encourage localities to optimize and improve annual clean energy development plans, providing support for transportation infrastructure clean energy development projects in terms of planning targets, project inclusion, and grid connection. Strengthen the construction of distribution networks along transportation infrastructure, continuously improving the reliability and comprehensive carrying capacity of power supply. (4) Innovate the management model for clean energy development in transportation infrastructure. In the feasibility study of transportation infrastructure projects, add a special chapter on clean energy development and utilization according to the actual situation of the project. Encourage the simultaneous development and investment attraction of transportation and clean energy infrastructure. For clean energy development projects relying on the same transportation infrastructure by the same investment entity, the relevant project approval (filing) authorities may legally handle the approval (filing) procedures uniformly. For new, renovated, or expanded clean energy development and utilization projects in transportation infrastructure, road construction permits can be processed concurrently during the main project construction. IV. Promote the Integrated Construction of Transportation and Energy Infrastructure (5) Safely and orderly develop clean energy for railway infrastructure. Make full use of waiting rooms, freight yards, station buildings, and railway lines, comprehensively considering the impact of light and safety, and carry out PV renovations for qualified existing sites, constructing PV roofs and PV shelters. Reserve the necessary conditions for installing photovoltaic power generation on the roofs of new large railway stations, and encourage the application of clean energy at stations. (6) Fully promote the development and utilization of clean energy in highway infrastructure. Following the principle of legality, compliance, and maximum construction, and under the premise of ensuring safety, make full use of service areas, toll stations, maintenance zones, monitoring centers, former provincial boundary toll station lands, slopes, tunnel entrances and exits, median strips, interchanges, and ramp loop lands along expressways and other highways to develop clean energy projects. Actively promote new technologies such as flexible power transmission and distribution, smart regulation, grid-forming ESS, and shallow geothermal utilization, and support the planning and construction of generation-grid-load-storage-integration projects along highways. Build charging (swapping) stations, gas stations, and hydrogen stations along highways, in urban peripheries, and at distribution centers. Promote the direct local charging of NEVs at highway service facilities, and increase the proportion of green electricity consumption by NEVs. (7) Promote the comprehensive utilization of clean energy in ports and waterways in a location-specific manner. Based on the existing conditions of port terminals and waterways, and under the premise of ensuring the safety of port operations and vessel navigation, promote the local development and utilization of marine energy, PV, and wind power, relying on harbor pools, warehouses, and breakwaters. Encourage container hub seaports to scrap and renew NEV-powered container trucks within the port. Relying on port facilities, layout and construct ship charging (swapping) stations and refueling stations. (8) Accelerate the development and utilization of clean energy in hub stations. Consider the intelligent transformation and upgrading of freight hubs, freight yards, passenger stations, and bus parking lots, as well as the energy needs for cold chain transportation and vehicle charging (swapping). Scientifically utilize factory rooftops and land within hub stations to develop distributed new energy, and encourage the use of geothermal and air energy for cooling and heating in transportation hubs. Reasonably configure new-type ESS and flexible hydrogen production resources. V. Promote the Efficient and Stable Operation of Transportation and Energy Infrastructure (9) Enhance the resilience of the transportation energy system. Encourage the local consumption of new energy within the road domain of transportation infrastructure, optimize the allocation of new-type ESS and flexible hydrogen production, and accelerate the demonstration and application of technologies and new models such as flexible aggregation and access of new energy, smart microgrids, multi-source conversion and multi-energy complementation, vehicle-grid interaction, and virtual power plants, to improve the comprehensive carrying capacity of the distribution network along transportation infrastructure. (10) Improve the emergency response capability of the transportation energy system. Strengthen the construction of fault detection, early warning, and recovery capabilities of the transportation energy system, effectively enhancing the ability to resist risks and disasters. Explore the establishment of a green transportation emergency power system based on grid-forming technology, gradually improving the safety and reliability of transportation energy supply. Along the transportation infrastructure in regions prone to natural disasters, build a batch of dual-use energy service facilities integrating clean energy power generation, ESS, and satellite communication functions, meeting the needs of temporary resettlement, energy supply, material support, and emergency communication. Promote mobile ESS charging vehicles and emergency mobile ESS facilities, and ensure the energy supply for transportation during peak charging periods such as holidays. (11) Strengthen the coordination and interaction between the transportation infrastructure network and the energy network. Promote the establishment of an information exchange and sharing mechanism between the transportation infrastructure network and the energy network, and strengthen big data analysis and prediction of transportation energy supply and demand. Accelerate the deep participation of the transportation energy system in the operation and regulation of the power system. Vigorously promote intelligent charging facilities and vehicle-grid interaction technology, incorporating vehicle-grid interaction into power demand-side management, and advancing it in tandem with the construction of the power market. VI. Promote the Use of New and Clean Energy Transportation Equipment (12) Promote the green and low-carbon transformation of railway locomotives and vehicles. Promote energy-saving and low-carbon upgrades of high-energy-consuming and high-emission locomotives and vehicles, establish a mechanism for the replacement of old locomotives and vehicles, and encourage the orderly phase-out of high-energy-consuming and high-emission locomotives and vehicles. Improve the monitoring and evaluation system for the energy consumption and emissions of locomotives and vehicles, conduct research on the carbon credit management system for railway equipment, and promote the application of next-generation low-emission, low-fuel-consumption medium- and high-speed diesel engines in railway diesel locomotives. Promote the large-scale application of long-range electric, hydrogen, and hybrid-powered railway new energy locomotives and vehicles, and supporting energy supply facilities in areas with weak power grid structures. (13) Accelerate the promotion of NEVs. Accelerate the electrification of public sector vehicles, continue to promote the application of NEVs in urban buses, taxis, postal and courier services, urban freight distribution, ports, and airports, and promote the scrappage and renewal of operational vehicles meeting or below the National IV standard. Promote the large-scale application of new energy heavy-duty trucks (trucks) in a location-specific manner, and develop zero-emission freight. (14) Promote the development of green and low-carbon ships. Scrap and renew high-energy-consuming and high-emission old operational ships, and strongly support the development of ships powered by new and clean energy. Explore the sharing and common use of standardized fuel tanks, box-type power supplies, and other movable ship equipment, and support the application of PV power generation technology in inland waterway ships. Actively promote the application of clean energy such as electricity, liquefied natural gas (LNG), biodiesel, green methanol, green ammonia, and green hydrogen on ships. (15) Develop new energy aircraft. Promote the application and development of new energy aircraft, and increase support for the development of new energy aircraft. Encourage regions with a foundation and conditions to lay out test bases for key green aviation technologies, product solutions, and safety verification. Accelerate the establishment of a new energy aircraft airworthiness certification and continuous airworthiness system. (16) Promote the development of green and low-carbon postal and courier services. Promote the use of NEV delivery vehicles, and under the premise of ensuring safety, increase the promotion and application of drones and unmanned vehicles. Actively promote the use of sustainable aviation fuel in mail and parcel air transport. Eliminate outdated sorting equipment, promote the iteration of intelligent sorting equipment, improve sorting efficiency, and advance the intelligent and low-carbon upgrade of equipment.

VII. Building a Safe and Reliable Green Fuel System for Transportation

(17) Continuously enhance the supply capability of green fuels for transportation. Accelerate breakthroughs in green fuel production technology and gradually improve the efficiency of green fuel preparation. Promote the construction of a number of green fuel production sites, and rapidly enhance the supply capability of liquefied natural gas (LNG), biodiesel, green alcohol, green ammonia, hydrogen energy, and bio-jet fuel. Encourage the production of hydrogen from clean energy based on local conditions using transportation infrastructure.

(18) Gradually improve the storage, transportation, and refueling network for green fuels in transportation. Coordinate the demand for green fuels in transportation equipment, and actively promote the construction of green fuel storage, transportation, and refueling facilities in key regions. Under the premise of ensuring safety, build comprehensive energy supply stations in service areas, freight yards, ports, airports, and hubs where conditions permit. Actively and steadily promote diversified hydrogen energy storage and transportation methods.

VIII. Cultivating a Modern Industrial Integration System

(19) Encourage the promotion of new models and the incubation of emerging industries. Aggregate resources such as distributed power supply, EVs, and charging (swapping) facilities to create virtual power plants in the transportation sector. Guide business model innovations such as battery-swapping, vigorously develop emerging industries like battery asset management and financing leasing of new energy transportation equipment, and build an intelligent integration platform for vehicles, stations, charging piles, and the grid. Promote the innovative development of a new ecosystem where NEVs deeply integrate with smart energy, intelligent transportation, and smart cities.

(20) Strengthen the industrial chain of transportation and energy. Accelerate the cultivation of industries such as new-type power batteries and key materials, hydrogen fuel cells, and green fuels, ensuring high-quality and stable supply of upstream raw materials and parts. Promote the upgrading of industries such as clean energy power generation facilities and new energy and clean energy transportation equipment, forming a technology and equipment system with independent intellectual property rights. Actively expand market demand, incubate and cultivate industries such as battery recycling, reuse of retired PV modules, and the aftermarket for NEVs. Strengthen advantageous industrial clusters, enhance cross-sector cooperation across the industrial chain, and continuously improve the resilience of the industrial and supply chains.

IX. Increasing Policy Support

(21) Improve supporting policies. Encourage the local consumption of new energy within the scope of transportation infrastructure. Support the participation of distributed new energy power generation along transportation infrastructure in market transactions, encourage clean energy power generation projects along transportation infrastructure to establish direct connections or sign long-term power purchase agreements based on local conditions, and promote the local consumption of distributed new energy. Before 2030, exempt centralized charging (swapping) facilities implementing two-part tariff electricity prices from demand (capacity) charges. Accelerate the construction of the power spot market, and use time-of-use electricity prices to enhance user participation in vehicle-grid interaction. Research and formulate support policies for green fuel preparation. Improve the mechanism for government investment to effectively drive social investment, promote fair opening of competitive infrastructure fields to market entities, and standardize the implementation of new mechanisms for public-private partnerships.

(22) Increase financial support. Leverage the guiding role of central funds, utilize various funding channels such as local government special bonds, green credit, green bonds, green funds, and re-loans for technological innovation and transformation, and implement tax incentives for new energy and clean energy vehicles and ships, as well as charging (swapping) stations. Encourage NEVs to participate in power market transactions and green electricity certificate transactions through aggregation.

(23) Strengthen standard and regulatory support. Promote the formulation and revision of standards related to clean energy development and utilization in transportation infrastructure, electric heavy-duty trucks, hydrogen heavy-duty trucks, electric ships, vehicle-grid interaction, power batteries, charging (swapping) stations, and hydrogen refueling stations, and improve standards for safety, energy efficiency, and environmental protection. Issue interface standards and communication protocols for energy supply facilities and new energy ships, and coordinate the promotion of public services for new energy ship energy supply. Promote the formulation of safety operation and inspection standards for new energy ship refueling. Research and issue standards for the "production, storage, and use" of green fuels in transportation. Promote international standard mutual recognition, enhance cooperation in international standard fields, and accelerate the improvement of the green fuel certification system for transportation.

(24) Promote technological innovation. Establish a technology and equipment R&D platform for the integration of transportation and energy, and promote cross-industry, cross-department, and cross-regional collaborative innovation. Strengthen technological innovation in the integration of transportation and energy, support key core technology research in vehicle-grid interaction, smart microgrids, advanced intelligent energy storage systems, clean energy transport equipment, and sustainable transportation fuels, and promote breakthroughs and applications of major original scientific achievements.

(25) Strengthen pilot leadership. Launch the "Qiyao" and "Chengfeng" actions for transportation infrastructure. Organize the construction of a number of innovative projects for the integrated development of transportation and energy, in conjunction with the construction of a transportation powerhouse, new energy systems, fuel cell vehicles, vehicle-grid interaction, and smart microgrids. Rely on major projects such as the Western Land-Sea New Corridor, the Xinjiang coal transportation channel, and the expansion and renovation of national expressway main lines to create a model for (near) zero-emission transportation corridors. Build regional ship electrification pilot zones in areas such as the Danjiangkou Reservoir and the Yangtze River Delta. Construct a number of key projects such as (near) zero-carbon service areas and ports.

X. Strengthening Organization and Implementation

All relevant units should strengthen planning and deployment, consolidate work responsibilities, improve long-term mechanisms, and effectively implement this opinion based on actual conditions. Improve the coordination mechanism for the integrated development of transportation and energy, enhance cross-departmental cooperation, strengthen supervision and guidance, and form a joint effort. Strengthen publicity and training, build cross-domain publicity and display platforms, enhance international exchange and cooperation, promote experience sharing and mutual learning, and create a favorable atmosphere.

Ministry of Transport, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources

  National Energy Administration, National Railway Administration, Civil Aviation Administration of China, State Post Bureau

State Grid Corporation of China, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd.

March 26, 2025

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