LFP, LFMP... Phosphorus-based materials empower the high-quality development of the new energy industry! [New Energy Summit]

At the Battery Materials Forum of the 2025 (10th) New Energy Industry Expo hosted by SMM Information & Technology Co., Ltd., Songhua Zhou, General Manager of Guizhou Phosphate New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., discussed the topic of "Phosphorus Driving the Green Future of New Energy Innovation" — how phosphorus-based materials empower the high-quality development of the new energy industry. **Opening: Opportunities and Challenges in the New Energy Industry Era** The National Energy Administration released the 2024 national power industry statistics, showing that China's cumulative installed power generation capacity reached approximately 3.35 billion kW, up 14.6% YoY. Among this, solar power installations stood at around 890 million kW, up 45.2% YoY, while wind power installations reached 520 million kW, up 18.0% YoY. By the end of 2024, China's new PV installations had ranked first globally for 12 consecutive years, and its cumulative installations had led the world for 10 consecutive years. In January-February 2025, NEV production and sales reached 1.903 million and 1.835 million units, respectively, both up 52% YoY. NEV sales accounted for 40.3% of total new auto sales. **Phosphorus-Based Materials: The "Key" to the New Energy Industry** Phosphorus: Widely present in nature, it holds significant importance for life, industry, and the environment. Ensuring national food security — "China feeds 21% of the global population with 9% of the world's arable land while consuming 33% of global fertilizers." Ensuring national energy security — China is the second-largest phosphate ore reserve holder and the world's largest phosphate ore producer. The application of phosphorus in the new energy industry is becoming increasingly widespread, particularly in battery materials and energy storage technologies. LFP batteries, with advantages such as low cost, good safety, high specific capacity, excellent high-temperature performance, high power output, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness, are widely used in popular NEVs priced below 250,000 yuan, such as the Zeekr 001, XPeng P7i, Tesla Model Y, and Xiaomi SU7. In January-February 2025, China's cumulative power battery installations reached 73.6 GWh, including 15.0 GWh for ternary batteries and 58.6 GWh for LFP batteries, accounting for 79.6% of total installations, up 199.9% YoY. LFMP: With safety performance comparable to LFP, it offers higher energy density (10%-20% higher) and better low-temperature discharge performance, making it a potential upgrade to LFP. Its application in power batteries has been gradually increasing in recent years. Due to issues such as manganese dissolution, industry experts believe that LFMP will complement LFP and ternary materials in the future, catering to more differentiated market applications. **Sodium-Ion Batteries** Sodium-ion batteries have gained attention for their abundant resources and high safety. They are mainly divided into three technical routes: layered oxides, polyanions, and Prussian blue, each with distinct performance, cost, and application characteristics. Among them, polyanions such as sodium vanadium phosphate (Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃, NVP) and sodium iron pyrophosphate (Na₄Fe₃(PO₄)₂P₂O₇, NFPP) offer advantages like long cycle life (up to 10,000 cycles) and high safety, making them suitable as cathode materials for ESS batteries. **Solid-State Batteries** High energy density, tolerance to extreme environments, and long cycle life. All-solid-state batteries are recognized as one of the preferred solutions for next-generation batteries and a key competitive area in future battery technologies. According to SNE Research, global liquid lithium-ion battery supply will increase from 687 GWh in 2023 to 2,943 GWh by 2030, a 4.3-fold increase, accounting for over 95% of the battery market. Meanwhile, all-solid-state battery supply will grow from 0.2 GWh in 2025 to 131 GWh, with a market penetration rate of around 4%. **Oxide Solid Electrolytes** Wide electrochemical window, good chemical stability, and relatively high mechanical strength, but with poor interfacial contact and brittleness risks during mechanical processing. Research on oxide-based solid electrolytes is very active in China. Among them, lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3, LATP) has achieved certain production scale and is being used in the solid-state battery industry. **Sulfide Solid Electrolytes** High ionic conductivity, relatively low density, and good ductility, but with poor electrochemical and chemical stability and high costs. Sulfides' high ionic conductivity, good ductility, and low hardness are beneficial for improving interfacial contact with electrode materials. Major lithium battery players (CATL, SDI, SK, LG, Panasonic) have chosen this as their primary technical path. **Black Phosphorus** Black phosphorus: With a unique two-dimensional layered structure and excellent physical and chemical properties, it boasts a theoretical specific capacity of up to 2,596 mAh/g (far exceeding graphite's 372 mAh/g), significantly enhancing battery energy density, and is expected to be used as an anode material for lithium/sodium-ion batteries. Its high conductivity and large specific surface area make it suitable for high-power energy storage devices, showing great potential in electronics, energy, and biomedical fields in recent years. **Looking Ahead: A Win-Win Path for Phosphorus-Based Materials and the New Energy Industry** Avoiding price competition and focusing on "value competition," the industry chain will develop synergistically and optimize capacity layout. Click to view the special report on the 2025 (10th) New Energy Industry Expo.