SHFE/LME lead price ratio kept falling since the beginning of this year. The price ratio hit 7.9 in March, and then slid to around 6.5. The extremely low price ratio led to substantial losses in lead imports, and the export profits of lead ingot gradually increased.

China's exports of lanthanum oxide soared 60% year on year to 959 mt in June, up 16% month on month. China's cerium oxide exports surged 62% year on year to 261 mt in June, a drop of 23% from May.

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China's tin import and export in March 2018.

China's copper import and export in March 2018.

The ratio of nickel used in electric car batteries is expected to rise to 11% by 2022, from just under 4% in 2016, according to Macquarie Bank analyst Zhao Yingxiang

China's tin import and export in Feb 2018.

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