Vanadium-destined to be extraordinary because of its gold [SMM column]

Today, I would like to introduce a new friend, little metal vanadium, his name is "vanadium", extraordinary vanadium.

First, what is vanadium-vanadium and extraordinary

Vanadium is called Vanadium, nickname V, skin silver gray, belongs to VB group in the periodic table, atomic number 23, atomic weight 50.9414, body-centered cubic crystal. Vanadium is inconspicuous in the periodic table, between titanium and chromium.

Vanadium is also a metal, in the small metal series. Called small metal, it is not small, but its family is divided into small metal series because of its scarcity. Although vanadium is an ethnic minority, it is destined to be extraordinary because of its gold. First, let's talk about a few facts for you to understand. Vanadium is added to rebar to improve its performance. As the saying goes, "vanadium is the wing of a tiger". The melting point of vanadium is close to that of chromium at 1902 ℃ and the density is 6.11g / cm ~ 3, which can be described as Iron Man.

Second, comment on the character of vanadium

The melting point of vanadium is very high at 1890 ℃, and it is difficult to melt between heaven and earth, so vanadium belongs to the list of rare metals with high melting point. Pure vanadium lattice hard texture, but also has a soft and cooperative side, such as malleable, non-magnetic. If it contains a small amount of impurities, especially nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, etc., it can significantly reduce its plasticity. Vanadium has strong survivability, has the ability to resist hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and is better than most stainless steels in gas resistance, salt resistance and water corrosion resistance. Vanadium has a lot of backbone and is not oxidized in air, but it is soluble in hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid and aqua regia.

What are the characteristics of vanadium and its family?

There are four children born to vanadium and oxygen: vanadium oxide, V2O3, vanadium dioxide and vanadium pentoxide.

Traces of vanadium are found all over the world. There is a lot of vanadium in the earth's crust. On average, there is one vanadium atom in 20,000 atoms, which is more than copper, tin, zinc and nickel, but the distribution of vanadium is so scattered that there are almost no ore deposits with more vanadium content. Vanadium is found in sea water, in sea urchins and other marine organisms, in magnetite, in a variety of bituminous minerals and coal ash, in meteorites falling to the earth and in the spectral lines of the sun. Vanadium is a trace element widely distributed on the earth, and its content accounts for about 0.02% of the crust, so it is relatively easy to obtain.

98% of the world's known vanadium reserves are produced in vanadium-titanium magnetite. In addition to vanadium titanium magnetite, vanadium resources also occur in phosphorite, uranium sandstone, siltstone, bauxite, carbonaceous crude oil, coal, oil shale and asphalt sand.

IV. Excellent fourth Young Master-Vanadium pentoxide

Vanadium pentoxide is a kind of metal oxide, the molecular formula is V2O5, the skin is orange or grayish black, it is widely used in metallurgical, chemical and other industries. It is used as an alloy additive, accounting for nearly 90% of the total consumption of vanadium pentoxide, followed by matchmaker-catalyst, that is, catalyst, which accounts for about 5% of the total. in addition, it is used as inorganic chemicals, chemical reagents, enamel and magnetic materials account for about 5% of the total.

V. genealogy of vanadium-industrial chain and distribution

VI. the promising Star of Vanadium Family-Vanadium Battery

The promising star of the vanadium family is the battery in the field of new energy. under the background of "carbon peak and carbon neutralization", the clean energy based on wind photovoltaic will gradually replace the fossil energy based on coal and oil, and vanadium battery has a great opportunity to show its ability.

Vanadium battery is called all-vanadium redox flow battery (Vanadium Redox Battery,VRB). It is a kind of redox battery system based on metal vanadium, and its electrolyte is sulfuric acid electrolyte of different valence vanadium ions.

On July 15, 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration formally issued the guidance on accelerating the Development of New Energy Storage. It is clear that by 2025, the installed scale of the new energy storage will reach more than 30GW. In the next five years, the new energy storage will be transformed from the initial stage of commercialization to large-scale, and the comprehensive market-oriented development of the new energy storage will be realized by 2030. Vanadium battery is expected to become a new star in the great development of energy storage industry. Because of its long life and good safety, the permeability of vanadium battery in the field of energy storage will increase steadily, and the permeability of vanadium battery in the field of energy storage is expected to reach 15% and 20% in 2025. It is expected that the next 5 years will be an important window period for the promotion of all-vanadium flow batteries from maturity. "

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