SMM9 March 4: zinc occupies an important position in the non-ferrous metals industry, no matter from the industrial chain, price, resource distribution and other aspects are the focus of market attention. Building the balance of supply and demand at the end of zinc ingot is the most effective way to evaluate the relationship between supply and demand in the current market. therefore, we need to track the primary consumption of zinc. Zinc primary consumption is mainly zinc plating, die-casting zinc alloy, brass, zinc oxide, batteries and other plates. Galvanizing accounts for the largest proportion of downstream zinc consumption, accounting for 65.05%.
The major provinces of zinc consumption in China are still concentrated in the coastal and surrounding areas. North, East and South China contribute mainly to zinc consumption, accounting for more than 80%. Among them, North China is the main distribution area of galvanizing, and Tianjin, as a provincial administrative region and municipality directly under the Central Government, is the economic center of the area around the Bohai Sea approved by the State Council, and it is the central city of galvanizing consumption in the north. There are a large number of galvanizing enterprises in the northern cities. And the country's largest galvanized structural enterprises are located in Tianjin, Hebei and other places. The consumption of galvanizing in North China accounts for about 60.34% of the country's total.
What is galvanizing?
Galvanizing refers to the surface treatment technology of plating a layer of zinc on the surface of metal, alloy or other materials to play the role of beauty, anti-rust and so on. The main method used is hot galvanizing, including cold galvanizing and mechanical galvanizing. From the type of galvanized products, it can be divided into galvanized sheet coil and galvanized structural parts. The main terminal flows include infrastructure, real estate, automobile and other fields.
Zinc is soluble in acid as well as alkali. Zinc hardly changes in dry air. In moist air, a dense basic zinc carbonate film is formed on the surface of zinc. In the atmosphere containing sulfur dioxide, HS and marine, the corrosion resistance of zinc is poor, especially in the atmosphere of high temperature and humidity containing organic acid, zinc coating is very easy to be corroded. The standard electrode potential of zinc is-0.76V. For iron and steel substrate, zinc coating belongs to anodic coating, which is mainly used to prevent the corrosion of iron and steel, and its protective performance is closely related to the thickness of the coating. After passivation treatment, dyeing or coating with light protector, zinc coating can significantly improve its protection and decoration.
Process method
Hot-dip galvanizing: also known as hot-dip galvanizing and hot-dip galvanizing: it is an effective metal anticorrosion method, which is mainly used in metal structure facilities in various industries. The rust-removed steel parts are immersed in molten zinc melted at about 500 ℃ to make the steel members adhere to a zinc layer on the surface, so as to achieve the purpose of anticorrosion.
Cold galvanizing: that is, galvanizing, with a small amount of zinc, with only 10mur50g / m2, which is the process of using electrolysis to attach a metal film to the surface of metal or other materials. the process of forming a metal layer with uniform, dense and good adhesion can prevent corrosion, improve wear resistance, electrical conductivity, reflectivity and enhance beauty, and so on.
Mechanical galvanizing
In a rotating roller equipped with plating parts, glass balls, zinc powder, water and accelerators, the glass balls as impact media rotate with the drum, friction and hammering with the plating surface produce mechanical physical energy, and under the action of chemical accelerators, the coated zinc powder is "cold welded" to the surface of the plating parts to form a smooth, uniform and meticulous coating with a certain thickness.
The difference between hot-dip galvanizing and cold-dip galvanizing:
The main results are as follows: 1. The corrosion resistance of hot-dip galvanizing is tens of times that of cold-dip galvanizing.
2. The way of operation is different: hot-dip galvanizing is galvanized in 450Mel 480 degree molten zinc solution, while cold-dip galvanizing is galvanized by electroplating or other methods at room temperature.
3. The thickness of galvanized layer is different, and the thickness of hot galvanized layer is much thicker than that of cold galvanized layer.
4. The surface smoothness is different, and the appearance of cold galvanizing is smoother and better than that of hot galvanizing.
5. The price of hot-dip galvanizing is higher than that of cold-dip galvanizing.
6. Cold galvanizing can only be plated on one side, while hot galvanizing requires full galvanization.
7. The adhesion of cold-dip galvanizing is not as good as that of hot-dip galvanizing.
8, the charging standard is different, hot-dip galvanizing charges according to the thickness of the material, cold-plating most charge according to square meters.
Hot-dip galvanizing technology is mainly used in industry, construction, power facilities, chemical facilities, machinery manufacturing, petroleum, municipal facilities, agricultural facilities, communication facilities, fire fighting facilities, railways, road transportation facilities and other fields.
Product type
From the type of galvanized products, it can be divided into galvanized sheet coil and galvanized structural parts. There are many products in galvanized structural parts. Including galvanized structural steel, galvanized pipe and galvanized hardware.
Galvanized sheet
Galvanized sheet refers to the steel plate with a layer of zinc on the surface, which is coated with a layer of metal zinc to prevent corrosion and prolong its service life. This kind of galvanized steel plate is called galvanized plate.
The end consumption of galvanized sheet is mainly in the fields of construction, automobile and household appliances, of which the construction sector accounts for the largest proportion, accounting for 45%.
In terms of galvanized sheet exports, the main exporters are South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, Belgium, Italy, Japan, Myanmar, Brazil, Israel, Russia, Indonesia, Peru, Bukit and Chile, accounting for more than half of the total exports.
Galvanized structural parts
Galvanized structural parts are mainly divided into three aspects: galvanized structural steel, galvanized pipe and galvanized hardware, in which galvanized structural steel includes guardrail, accessories, steel structure and so on. Guardrail is mainly used in transportation; accessories are mainly used in electrical appliances, automobiles, machinery and equipment; steel structure is mainly used in building steel structure and public steel structure.
The end consumption of galvanized structural components is mainly in infrastructure (including electric power), transportation, construction and so on, of which the construction sector accounts for the largest proportion, accounting for 40%; the field of capital construction (including electric power) accounts for 35%.
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