High voltage is a popular battery technology recently. At this year's Shanghai Auto Show, Geometry A Pro, a newly modified model of Geometry, was officially launched, with a new nickel 55 NCM523 battery and high energy density of 183Wh/kg for the first time. Geely has previously launched Geometry C based on high-voltage nickel 55 battery technology. In addition, Geely focuses on polar krypton 001 this year, which also uses NCM523 high-voltage technology.
In March this year, the new power battery leader, New Energy, also released a high-voltage medium-nickel VDA355 battery product with an energy density of more than 240Wh/kg. The module structure adopts lightweight design, acquisition line integrated design and other technologies, so that its energy density exceeds 222 Whhand kg, which can meet the current mainstream requirements of 500-600 km long range models. It is reported that at present, the product has completed phased trial production and verification, and will be mass production this year.
In addition, last year, Xinwanda released a "no fire" battery package, which is also a 5-series high-voltage ternary material nickel 5X. At the same time, Ruipu Energy also launched a high-voltage 4.35V Ni55+ graphite system products, related products core energy density has reached 245Whhand kg, and began batch loading applications.
Recently, AVIC Lithium Power also disclosed its high voltage related technology on its Wechat official account. AVIC Lithium said that the company's 5-series high-voltage products were successfully promoted on the market by the end of 2018. By 2020, its energy density has reached 260 whip kg, and it has achieved high safety without fire, long life without attenuation, full climate adaptability and cost advantage. In addition, the company has completed the development of the next-generation 6-series high-voltage technology, and the energy density of the product is up to 280Wh/kg.
AVIC Lithium mentioned that the real application of high voltage technology in the product side is faced with two core technical problems: (1) in order to withstand higher voltage, ternary material self-body phase structure and interface protection need to be finely designed to resist structural deterioration and interface side effects at high voltage; (2) the power output capability of the material at low temperature and low SOC is poor, affecting the customer experience of the whole vehicle.
Fig. 1 schematic diagram of working principle of lithium-ion battery
AVIC Lithium said that in view of the above two core issues, the company team made an in-depth mechanism analysis and achieved a series of core technological breakthroughs through accurate root cause positioning and joint projects:
The main results are as follows: (1) the homogeneous doping technique at the atomic level of the bulk phase constructs a high-speed and stable Li+ diffusion channel: for the high voltage ternary cathode, the intercalation-detachment of Li ions in the bulk phase needs to overcome a certain energy barrier to achieve a longer transmission distance, which increases significantly at low temperature or low SOC. At the same time, in the subsequent repeated charge-discharge process, the local phase transition of the cathode phase due to structural instability will further aggravate the Li+ transmission resistance. In order to solve this problem, through the element doping at the atomic level between layers, on the one hand, the Li+ transmission channel is broadened, the Li+ diffusion rate is effectively increased, on the other hand, the oxygen bonding ability is enhanced, the structural strength is enhanced, and the structural phase transition is significantly suppressed. Thus, the construction of high-speed and stable Li+ diffusion channel is realized in the high-voltage ternary cathode.
(2) Interface-targeted multi-element synergistic coating technology to achieve the dual effects of high lithium conductivity and "low" oxidation activity: under the condition of high voltage, the positive interface is in a state of high oxidation for a long time, which catalyzes the solvent decomposition of the oxidation electrolyte and leads to a series of chain reactions, such as electrolyte decomposition, HF acid production, fresh interface exposure, intensified decomposition and so on, which aggravates the deterioration of performance. Especially under the condition of high temperature, the interaction between the positive interface and the electrolyte is more intense. How to achieve "low" oxidation activity while ensuring the high lithium conductivity of the interface is the core of solving the problem and the difficulty of the industry. Through continuous technical research, the fast ionic conductor is homogenized at the interface and the passivation elements are induced and coated for the sites with high electronic reaction activity, which achieves the perfect balance between the two functions of "low" oxidation activity and high lithium conductivity. The development of this technology not only significantly improves the high temperature life of high voltage chemical system, but also greatly improves the power output capacity.
(3) the high efficiency passivation electrolyte additive design technology, the in-situ construction of the positive interface nano-protective layer, and the cooperation of the boundary coating technology, which makes the oxidation activity of the interface from "low" to "zero". It completely breaks through the industry bottleneck of the high voltage chemical system's high temperature life: as mentioned above, the chain reaction between the positive electrode interface and the electrolyte is the reason for the high temperature life failure of the high voltage chemical system. Through the design of high efficiency passivation positive film forming additive, nanometer CEI film can be formed in situ at the interface of cathode material, which does not affect the power output and completely solves the problem of high voltage cathode interface activity.
Fig. 2 High voltage NCM material
AVIC Lithium claims that through accurate positioning, the company has fundamentally solved the industry problem of high-voltage ternary chemical system, achieved the balance of high energy, high safety, strong power and long life, and successfully promoted the above core technologies to the products.
After reading the relevant introduction, people just do not understand but feel that this is very powerful, because it is too professional, do not dare to comment, I do not know what do you think of the industry? How to judge the future development trend of high voltage technology?
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