According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the manufacturing PMI stood at 49.2% in July, down 1.1 percentage points MoM, with the overall sentiment pulling back somewhat. The non-manufacturing business activity index for July was 49.0%, down 1.2 percentage points MoM, indicating a lower level of non-manufacturing activity compared to the previous month. The composite PMI output index for July was 49.3%, down 1.3 percentage points MoM, signalling that the overall pace of business activity among China's enterprises slowed down MoM. Huo Lihui, chief statistician at the NBS Service Industry Survey Centre, noted that the manufacturing PMI pulled back in July while high-tech manufacturing continued to expand. The manufacturing PMI fell to 49.2%, affected by factors including a relatively high base from the previous period of rapid growth in manufacturing and the traditional production off-season in some manufacturing sectors. The equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing sectors continued to play a supportive and leading role, with their respective PMIs at 51.4% and 53.3%, significantly higher than the overall manufacturing figure and maintaining relatively rapid expansion, steering manufacturing development towards higher quality and innovation. The PMIs for the consumer goods industry and the high-energy-consuming industry were 47.8% and 47.0%, down 2.4 and 0.1 percentage points MoM, reflecting a pullback in sentiment.
China PMI Performance in July 2026
I. China Manufacturing PMI Performance
In July, the manufacturing PMI stood at 49.2%, down 1.1 percentage points MoM, with sentiment pulling back somewhat.
By enterprise size, the PMIs for large, medium, and small enterprises were 49.5%, 49.7%, and 47.4%, respectively, down 1.2, 0.8, and 0.8 percentage points MoM, all below the threshold.
Among the five sub-indices that make up the manufacturing PMI, the production index, new orders index, raw material inventory index, employment index, and supplier delivery time index were all below the threshold.
The production index was 49.9%, down 1.5 percentage points MoM, indicating that manufacturing production activity experienced some slowdown.
The new orders index was 48.5%, down 2.7 percentage points MoM, pointing to a pullback in manufacturing market demand.
The raw material inventory index was 48.3%, down 0.1 percentage points MoM, suggesting that inventories of major raw materials in the manufacturing sector continued to decline.
The employment index was 49.0%, up 0.5 percentage points MoM, indicating that the labour market sentiment in manufacturing enterprises rebounded somewhat.
The supplier delivery time index was 49.5%, down 0.4 percentage points MoM, signalling that delivery times for raw material suppliers in manufacturing lengthened compared to the previous month.
II. China Non-Manufacturing PMI Performance
In July, the non-manufacturing business activity index was 49.0%, down 1.2 percentage points MoM, with non-manufacturing sentiment lower than in the previous month.
By sector, the construction business activity index was 47.0%, down 2.0 percentage points MoM, and the services business activity index was 49.3%, down 1.1 percentage points MoM. Within the services sector, business activity indices for postal services, telecommunications, broadcasting and satellite transmission services, and culture, sports and entertainment were all in the relatively high sentiment territory above 55.0%. By contrast, business activity indices for capital market services and real estate were below the threshold.
The new orders index was 44.4%, down 3.6 percentage points MoM, indicating a pullback in market demand sentiment for non-manufacturing. By sector, the new orders index for construction was 40.1%, down 6.2 percentage points MoM, and the new orders index for services was 45.2%, down 3.2 percentage points MoM.
The input price index was 49.7%, unchanged from the previous month but still below the threshold, indicating that the overall level of input prices used by non-manufacturing enterprises for business activities continued to decline. By sector, the input price index for construction was 48.7%, down 1.7 percentage points MoM, and the input price index for services was 49.9%, up 0.3 percentage points MoM.
The selling price index was 47.9%, down 0.5 percentage points MoM, suggesting that the overall decline in selling prices for non-manufacturing enterprises widened somewhat. By sector, the selling price index for construction was 47.7%, down 2.1 percentage points MoM, and the selling price index for services was 47.9%, down 0.3 percentage points MoM.
The employment index was 45.4%, down 0.4 percentage points MoM, indicating that labour market sentiment in non-manufacturing enterprises pulled back somewhat. By sector, the employment index for construction was 40.9%, down 1.4 percentage points MoM, and the employment index for services was 46.2%, down 0.2 percentage points MoM.
The business activity expectations index was 55.4%, up 0.1 percentage points MoM, indicating that non-manufacturing enterprises' confidence in market development strengthened. By sector, the business activity expectations index for construction was 51.8%, up 0.7 percentage points MoM, and the business activity expectations index for services was 56.0%, unchanged from the previous month.
III. China Composite PMI Output Index Performance
In July, the composite PMI output index was 49.3%, down 1.3 percentage points MoM, indicating that the pace of business activity among China's enterprises slowed down MoM.
III. China Composite PMI Output Index Performance
In June, the composite PMI output index was 50.6%, up 0.1 percentage points MoM, indicating that the overall expansion of business activity among China's enterprises slightly accelerated.
China's PMI Pulled Back in July
— Interpretation of China’s PMI for July 2026 by Huo Lihui, Chief Statistician at the NBS Service Industry Survey Centre
On 31 July 2026, the NBS Service Industry Survey Centre and the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing released China's PMI. Huo Lihui, chief statistician at the NBS Service Industry Survey Centre, provided the following interpretation.
In July, the manufacturing PMI, non-manufacturing business activity index, and composite PMI output index stood at 49.2%, 49.0%, and 49.3%, respectively, down 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 percentage points MoM. Sentiment was somewhat lower than in the previous month.
I. Manufacturing PMI Pulled Back, While High-Tech Manufacturing Continued to Expand
In July, the manufacturing PMI fell to 49.2%, affected by factors such as a relatively high base from the earlier period of rapid manufacturing growth and the traditional production off-season in some manufacturing sectors.
(1) The equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing sectors continued to play a supportive and leading role. Their PMIs were 51.4% and 53.3%, respectively, significantly higher than the overall manufacturing figure, maintaining relatively rapid expansion and steering manufacturing development towards higher quality and innovation. The PMIs for the consumer goods industry and the high-energy-consuming industry were 47.8% and 47.0%, down 2.4 and 0.1 percentage points MoM, reflecting a pullback in sentiment.
(2) Production and demand in some equipment manufacturing industries grew relatively fast. The manufacturing production index and new orders index were 49.9% and 48.5%, respectively, down 1.5 and 2.7 percentage points MoM, indicating that both manufacturing enterprise production and market demand pulled back. By industry, the production and new orders indices for general equipment and computer, communication and other electronic equipment were both above 53.0%, pointing to high market activity and relatively fast growth in production and demand. In contrast, the production and new orders indices for non-metallic mineral products, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing, and automobiles were below the threshold, suggesting weak supply-demand sentiment.
(3) The price indices declined further. The main raw material purchase price index and the EXW price index were 53.2% and 47.8%, respectively, and have fallen for four consecutive months, influenced by recent fluctuations in some commodity prices. Among these, both price indices for non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing were below 45.0%. Due to significant price level fluctuations, enterprises' purchase willingness weakened, and the procurement volume index fell to 49.4% this month.
(4) Market expectations remained stable. The manufacturing production and business operation expectations index was 54.1%, reflecting continued overall optimism among enterprises regarding market development. By industry, the expectations indices for food, beverage, and refined tea, as well as railway, shipbuilding, aerospace and other equipment, rose above 60.0%, indicating that relevant enterprises' confidence in near-term industry development strengthened.
II. Non-Manufacturing Business Activity Index Declined Somewhat, While the Culture and Tourism Sector Remained Relatively Active
In July, the non-manufacturing business activity index was 49.0%, down 1.2 percentage points MoM, with non-manufacturing sentiment lower than in the previous month.
(1) Sentiment in the culture and tourism sector rebounded. The services business activity index was 49.3%, down 1.1 percentage points MoM, indicating a pullback in services market activity. By industry, driven by summer consumption, residents' leisure, entertainment, and travel activities increased, with the business activity indices for air transport, accommodation, and culture, sports and entertainment rebounding noticeably MoM, as relevant enterprises' business volumes grew relatively fast. The business activity indices for wholesale and monetary and financial services recorded relatively large declines, representing the main factors behind the fall in overall services sector sentiment this month. Meanwhile, the business activity indices for capital market services and real estate were below the threshold. The services business activity expectations index was 56.0%, unchanged from the previous month, pointing to relatively stable confidence among enterprises regarding near-term market development.
(2) Construction sector sentiment headed downwards. Affected by unfavourable factors such as recent high temperatures, heavy rainfall, and flooding in some regions, construction progress slowed down somewhat, and the business activity index was 47.0%, down 2.0 percentage points MoM. The construction business activity expectations index was 51.8%, up 0.7 percentage points MoM, indicating that enterprises' confidence in near-term industry development strengthened somewhat.
III. Composite PMI Output Index Below the Threshold
In July, the composite PMI output index was 49.3%, down 1.3 percentage points MoM, with the pace of business activity among Chinese enterprises slowing down MoM. The manufacturing production index and the non-manufacturing business activity index, which together form the composite PMI output index, were 49.9% and 49.0%, respectively.
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