On June 12th, Bloomberg reported that Teck Resources and Sumitomo Metal Mining are locked in a dispute over treatment and refining charges (TC/RCs) in a major copper concentrate supply agreement. The disagreement, centered on shipments from Teck’s Quebrada Blanca and Highland Valley mines, has prompted the appointment of lawyers to select an industry expert as an independent referee. The clash highlights cracks in the traditional benchmark pricing system, after Antofagasta’s 2025 deal with Chinese smelters set TC/RCs at $21.25/2.125 cents, far below historical norms. Some Japanese buyers, including Sumitomo, have resisted adopting this benchmark amid sharply falling spot TC/RCs, which have recently turned negative. The situation underscores growing tension between well-funded Chinese smelters and financially pressured Western peers, with some smelters in the Philippines and Namibia already suspending operations.