Why do most electric two-wheelers use LMO?

In the field of electric vehicles (EVs), there is often indecision between the two major technological routes of ternary lithium and lithium iron phosphate (LFP). However, in the electric two-wheeler industry, which also focuses on low-carbon travel, both users and automakers seem to prefer using LMO batteries despite facing multiple technological choices. This preference is mainly due to the following three advantages:

Firstly, from the perspective of crystal structure, spinel-type LMO has higher stability compared to the layered oxide of ternary lithium. LMO belongs to the cubic crystal system and has a three-dimensional tunnel structure, allowing lithium ions to reversibly intercalate and de-intercalate without causing lattice collapse. This results in excellent charge/discharge rate performance and stability.

Secondly, in terms of thermal stability, although ternary lithium batteries have the highest energy density among mainstream lithium batteries, they are extremely sensitive to temperature changes and may decompose at around 200°C, leading to violent reactions or even explosions. In contrast, LMO's synthesis temperature is at least 700°C, and its thermal decomposition temperature is much higher than that of ternary cathode materials, demonstrating superior safety.

Lastly, in terms of cost, LMO raw materials are abundant and significantly cheaper than other products. Additionally, due to the higher voltage of LMO batteries, fewer battery cells are needed, resulting in a volume advantage. Therefore, LMO not only exhibits excellent performance but also attracts attention from the industry and consumers due to its safety and economic benefits.