The National Development and Reform Commission issued guidelines on the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid wastes during the 14th five-year Plan.

Carrying out comprehensive utilization of resources is an important part of China's in-depth implementation of sustainable development strategy. Bulk solid waste (hereinafter referred to as "bulk solid waste") is the core field of comprehensive utilization of resources because of its large amount, prominent environmental impact and broad utilization prospects. Promoting the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste is of great significance to improve the efficiency of resource utilization, improve environmental quality and promote the all-round green transformation of economic and social development. This guidance is formulated in order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, further enhance the level of comprehensive utilization of large quantities of solid waste, comprehensively improve the efficiency of resource utilization, promote the construction of ecological civilization, and promote high-quality development.

I. current situation and situation

(1) the achievements of the 13th five-year Plan. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has brought the comprehensive utilization of resources into the overall layout of the construction of ecological civilization, continuously improved laws and policies, strengthened scientific and technological support, improved standards and norms, promoted the development and growth of the industry of comprehensive utilization of resources, and made positive progress in all kinds of work. In 2019, the comprehensive utilization rate of bulk solid waste reached 55%, an increase of 5 percentage points over 2015. Among them, the comprehensive utilization rate of coal gangue, fly ash, industrial by-product gypsum and straw reached 70%, 78%, 70% and 86%, respectively. During the 13th five-year Plan period, the cumulative comprehensive utilization of all kinds of solid waste was about 13 billion tons, the occupation of land was reduced by more than 1 million mu, and a large number of products for comprehensive utilization of resources were provided. it has promoted the high-quality development of coal, chemical, electric power, iron and steel, building materials and other industries, with remarkable resources, environment and economic benefits, which has played an important role in alleviating the shortage of some raw materials and improving the quality of ecological environment in our country.

(2) the situation facing the 14th five-year Plan. During the 14th five-year Plan period, China will begin a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, and it is more urgent to improve the efficiency of resource utilization in an all-round way around the theme of promoting high-quality development. Due to the influence of resource endowment, energy structure, development stage and other factors, China will still face the severe challenges of high intensity, insufficient utilization and low added value of comprehensive utilization products in the future. At present, the cumulative storage of bulk solid waste is about 60 billion tons, with an annual increase of nearly 3 billion tons, of which the utilization rate of solid waste such as red mud, phosphogypsum and steel slag is still low, occupying a lot of land resources, and there are great hidden dangers to eco-environmental security. It is necessary to thoroughly implement laws and regulations such as the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental pollution by solid waste, vigorously promote source reduction, resource utilization, and harmless disposal of bulk solid waste, strengthen the management of the whole chain, and strive to solve outstanding contradictions and problems. we will promote the new development of the industry of comprehensive utilization of resources.

II. General requirements

(3) guiding ideology. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping's thought of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, we should thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress and the second, third, fourth and Fifth Plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and unswervingly implement the new concept of development. with the goal of improving the efficiency of resource utilization in an all-round way, with promoting the green development of the industry of comprehensive utilization of resources as the core, strengthen systematic governance, innovate the mode of utilization, and implement special actions. We will promote the green, efficient, high-quality, high-value and large-scale utilization of bulk solid waste, improve the level of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, promote the construction of ecological civilization, and provide strong support for high-quality economic and social development.

(4) basic principles.

-- adhere to the combination of government guidance and market leadership. We will improve comprehensive policies and measures, stimulate the vitality of all kinds of market players, give full play to the decisive role of the market in allocating resources, give better play to the role of the government, and speed up the development and growth of industries for comprehensive utilization of solid waste.

-- adhere to the combination of scale utilization and high-value utilization. We will actively broaden the channels for comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, further expand the scale of utilization, strive to be exhausted, constantly increase the added value of products for comprehensive utilization of resources, and enhance the core competitiveness of the industry.

-- adhere to the combination of consumption stock and control increment. In accordance with the law, scientific and orderly consumption of large quantities of solid waste; measures in accordance with local conditions, comprehensive measures to effectively reduce the intensity of production and discharge of bulk solid waste, increase the intensity of comprehensive utilization, and strictly control the stock of new bulk solid waste.

-- adhere to the combination of highlighting key points with systematic governance. We will strengthen the management of the whole process of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, coordinate the promotion of production, utilization and standardized disposal of solid waste, and strictly abide by the environmental bottom line of comprehensive utilization and safe disposal of bulk solid waste.

-- adhere to the combination of technological innovation and model innovation. Strengthen innovation leadership, break through the technological bottleneck of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, speed up the popularization and application of advanced and applicable technologies, strengthen demonstration guidance, and cultivate a new model of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste.

(5) main objectives. By 2025, the comprehensive utilization capacity of bulk solid wastes such as coal gangue, fly ash, tailings (associated ores), smelting slag, industrial by-product gypsum, construction waste and crop straw will be significantly improved, and the scale of utilization will continue to expand. the comprehensive utilization rate of new bulk solid waste will reach 60%, and the stock of bulk solid waste will be reduced in an orderly manner. The level of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste has been continuously improved, and the industrial system of comprehensive utilization has been continuously improved; breakthroughs have been made in key bottleneck technologies, and a technological innovation system for comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste has been gradually established; policies, regulations, standards and statistical systems have been gradually improved; the system of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste has been basically improved; the mode of inter-industry symbiosis and inter-regional collaborative development has been innovated constantly. The demonstration and leading role of intensive and efficient industrial bases and backbone enterprises has been significantly enhanced, and a new pattern of high-quality development of large-scale solid waste comprehensive utilization industries has basically taken shape.

Third, improve the utilization efficiency of bulk solid waste resources

(6) coal gangue and fly ash. Continuously improve the level of comprehensive utilization of coal gangue and fly ash, promote the use of coal gangue and fly ash in engineering construction, treatment of subsidence areas, mine filling, and ecological restoration of saline-alkali land and desertified land, orderly guide the use of coal gangue and fly ash to produce new wall materials, decoration materials and other green building materials, and promote agricultural application and valuable component extraction under the premise of risk control. Strengthen the application and promotion of high content and high value-added products.

(7) tailings (associated ore). Steadily promote the efficient extraction and overall utilization of valuable components of metal tailings, promote the preparation of sand source alternative materials such as sand aggregate, ceramsite, dry-mixed mortar and cementitious backfilling utilization of mining waste stone, and explore the utilization of tailings in the field of ecological environment treatment. We will speed up the comprehensive development and utilization of associated mineral resources such as ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals and rare precious metals and the cascade recovery of valuable components, and promote the large-scale utilization of the remaining waste residue after the extraction of valuable metals. The ecological restoration of the closed tailings reservoir shall be promoted in accordance with the rules and regulations, and the tailings shall not be recovered without approval.

(8) smelting slag. Strengthen the coordinated utilization of industry, expand the utilization scale of red mud and steel slag, increase the proportion of red mud in road materials, and expand the utilization of micro-powder of steel slag as concrete admixture in construction engineering and other fields. Continue to explore other large-scale utilization channels of red mud and steel slag. It is encouraged to recover iron, alkali and alumina from red mud and valuable components such as rare and scattered metals and rare and precious metals from smelting slag, so as to improve the utilization efficiency of mineral resources, ensure the safety of national resources, and gradually improve the comprehensive utilization rate of smelting slag.

(9) industrial by-product gypsum. Broaden the utilization ways of phosphogypsum, continue to promote the use of phosphogypsum in the production of cement and new building materials, and explore the application of phosphogypsum in soil improvement, underground filling, roadbed materials and other fields on the premise of ensuring environmental safety. Support the use of desulphurization gypsum and citric acid gypsum to prepare green building materials, gypsum whiskers and other new products and materials, and expand the high-value utilization scale of industrial by-product gypsum. Actively explore the ways of resource utilization of complex and difficult industrial by-products such as titanium gypsum and fluorogypsum.

(10) Construction waste. We will strengthen the classified treatment and recycling of construction waste, standardize the construction and operation of places for storage, transfer and resource utilization of construction waste, and promote the application of comprehensive utilization products of construction waste. Encourage the application of recycled aggregates and products of construction waste in construction and road engineering, as well as the use of construction waste in earthwork balance, forestry soil, environmental treatment, sintered products and backfilling, etc., constantly improve the quality of utilization and expand the scale of resource utilization.

(11) crop straw. Vigorously promote the comprehensive utilization of straw, promote the comprehensive utilization of straw industry to improve quality and efficiency. We should give priority to agriculture, continuously promote the utilization of straw fertilizer, feed and base material, and give full play to the function of conservation and combination of planting and cultivation of straw cultivated land. We will expand the scale of clean energy utilization of straw, encourage the use of biomass energy such as straw for heating and gas supply, optimize the structure of energy consumption in rural areas, and promote the application of biomass natural gas in the industrial field. We will continue to broaden the ways of raw material utilization of straw, encourage the use of straw to produce environmentally friendly boards, carbon-based products, polylactic acid and pulp, and promote the transformation of straw resources into high value-added green products. Establish and improve the straw collection, storage and transportation system, carry out professional and refined transportation and management services, and open up the "first kilometer" of the development of the straw industry.

IV. Promoting the Green Development of Comprehensive Utilization of bulk solid wastes

(12) to promote the green transformation of the waste production industry and achieve source reduction. Carry out the green design of the waste production industry, fully consider the follow-up comprehensive utilization links in the production process, and effectively reduce the bulk solid waste from the source. Vigorously develop the green mining industry, popularize and apply the mode of gangue not coming out of the well, encourage mining enterprises to use tailings and associated ores to fill the goaf, control the subsidence area, and promote the local consumption of tailings. We will carry out green transformation in key industries such as energy, metallurgy and chemical industry, constantly optimize technological processes, improve technical equipment, and reduce the intensity of large amounts of solid waste. Promote the self-absorption of large solid wastes such as coal gangue, tailings and iron and steel slag, promote the purification and treatment level of complex and difficult-to-use solid wastes such as phosphogypsum and red mud, and create conditions for comprehensive utilization. We will promote green construction in the field of engineering construction, promote waste road materials and demolish garbage for in-situ recycling, and implement classified management, source reduction and resource utilization of construction waste.

(13) promote green production in waste industries and strengthen process control. We will continue to improve the level of technology and equipment of waste enterprises and strengthen the rectification of small and scattered enterprises. We will strengthen the management of the whole process of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste and strictly implement the responsibility for the prevention and control of environmental pollution in the whole process. We will promote green transport of bulk solid waste, encourage the use of special transport equipment and vehicles, and strengthen the management of the transportation process of bulk solid waste. Encourage waste enterprises to carry out cleaner production audits, strictly implement pollutant discharge standards, improve environmental protection measures, and prevent secondary pollution.

(14) strengthen the standard disposal of bulk solid waste and keep the bottom line of the environment. Strengthen the management of the storage and disposal of bulk solid waste, strengthen the main responsibility, promote the construction of storage facilities in line with relevant national standards, achieve safe classification and storage, and put an end to mixed arrangement and mixed heap. We will give overall consideration to the incremental consumption and stock management of bulk solid waste, increase the comprehensive regulation of bulk solid waste in key river basins and key regions, and improve the long-term supervision and management system of environmental protection.

Fifth, promote the innovative development of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste

(15) innovate the mode of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste. Popularize "coal gangue underground filling + surface backfilling" in the coal industry to promote gangue reduction, establish a system of "cascade recovery + ecological restoration + storage protection" in the mining industry to promote the construction of green mines, promote "solid waste does not leave the factory" in the iron and steel metallurgical industry, strengthen full quantitative utilization, promote "in-situ recycling + off-site treatment" of construction waste in the construction industry, and improve utilization efficiency. To carry out "combination of industry and agriculture" in agriculture to promote industrial coordination; to explore standardized recycling and recyclable and high-value ways of recycling in view of solid waste from decommissioned photovoltaic modules, wind turbine blades and other emerging industries; to promote the regional coordination model of mass solid waste "public-rail-water intermodal transport" in key areas, and strengthen the allocation of resources. According to local conditions, we will promote the coordinated utilization of multi-industries and varieties of bulk solid waste, and form a new development model of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste that can be replicated and popularized.

(16) to innovate the key technologies for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid wastes. Encourage enterprises to establish technology research and development platforms, increase investment in key technologies, focus on breaking through the key core technologies and equipment of source reduction and high-quality comprehensive utilization, and promote the research and development of key technologies for risk control in the process of mass solid waste utilization. Relying on the national innovation platform, we will support the organic integration of industry, university, research and application, and encourage the construction of basic R & D platforms such as industrial technological innovation alliances. We will increase scientific and technological support and incorporate key technologies for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid wastes and large-scale research and development of high-quality comprehensive utilization technologies into the country's key research and development plans. We will timely revise the technology policy outline for the comprehensive utilization of resources and strengthen the promotion, application and integrated demonstration of advanced and applicable technologies.

(17) innovating the mechanism of coordinated utilization of bulk solid waste. We will encourage coordinated utilization of multi-industries, promote the coordinated development of the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste with the upstream coal power, iron and steel, non-ferrous, chemical and other industries, and deeply integrate with downstream construction, building materials, municipal, transportation, environmental governance and other product application fields, to break through inter-departmental and inter-industry blocking points and pain points. We will promote cross-regional coordinated utilization, establish a cross-regional and inter-departmental coordination mechanism, and promote the coordinated disposal and utilization of bulk solid wastes in major national strategic areas, such as the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, and so on.

(18) innovating the management of mass solid waste. We will make full use of big data, the Internet and other modern information technology means to promote industries, regions and industrial parks with a large amount of solid waste to establish an information management system for the comprehensive utilization of "Internet + mass solid waste". We will improve the level of information management for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste. Fully rely on existing resources, encourage social forces to carry out trading information services for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, provide information services for waste production and waste utilization enterprises, and release the production units, production quantity, quality and utilization of bulk solid waste in a timely manner according to varieties, so as to improve the efficiency of resource allocation and promote the overall utilization rate of bulk solid waste.

VI. Implement actions to make efficient use of resources

(19) the demonstration of backbone enterprises will lead the action. In the fields of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, such as coal gangue, fly ash, tailings (co-associated ore), smelting slag, industrial by-product gypsum, construction waste and crop straw, cultivate 50 backbone enterprises with strong upstream and downstream industry driving ability, mastering core technology and high market share. We will support backbone enterprises to carry out demonstration projects for the comprehensive utilization of high-efficiency, high-quality and high-value bulk solid waste, form replicable and popularable implementation examples, and play a leading role.

(20) the construction of comprehensive utilization bases. Focusing on the key production and waste industries such as coal, electric power, metallurgy and chemical industry, and centering on the implementation of the major national strategy, we will build 50 bases for comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste and 50 bases for comprehensive utilization of industrial resources, popularize a number of advanced and applicable technologies and equipment for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and constantly improve the efficiency of resource utilization. In the main grain and cotton producing areas, focusing on agricultural wastes, 50 industrial and agricultural compound circular economy demonstration parks will be built to continuously improve the level of comprehensive utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes.

(21) Product promotion action for comprehensive utilization of resources. Will promote the use of comprehensive use of resources products into conservation-oriented organs, green schools and other green life creation actions. We will increase the intensity of government green procurement, encourage party and government organs and public institutions such as schools and hospitals to give priority to purchasing products for comprehensive utilization of resources such as straw and environmentally friendly plates, and give full play to the exemplary role of public institutions. Green buildings are encouraged to use new wall materials and decoration materials with coal gangue, fly ash, industrial by-product gypsum, construction waste and other solid wastes as raw materials. Combined with the action of rural construction, guide the use of new wall materials in the construction of rural public infrastructure.

(22) actions to improve the governance capacity of bulk solid waste systems. We will speed up the improvement of the standard system for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste and promote the convergence of standards between upstream and downstream industries. We will strengthen the building of statistical capacity in the industry of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, clarify the caliber, standards and methods of statistics, and improve the timeliness and accuracy of statistics. Encourage enterprises to actively evaluate the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste resources, constantly improve the evaluation mechanism, strengthen the capacity building of evaluation institutions, standardize the operation and management of evaluation institutions, and actively promote the acceptance of evaluation results, guide enterprises to improve the product quality of comprehensive utilization of resources.

VII. Safeguard measures

(23) strengthen organization and coordination. The development and reform departments of various localities should, in conjunction with the departments of science and technology, industry and information technology, finance, natural resources, ecological environment, housing, urban and rural areas, market supervision, and organ affairs management, earnestly perform their duties and, in accordance with the division of functions, establish a work coordination mechanism with clear responsibilities, coordination and order, and strong supervision, strengthen policy linkage, and promote the comprehensive utilization of mass solid waste in the region as a whole. All localities should follow up and evaluate the implementation of policies and industrial development in their respective regions, and report regularly the comprehensive utilization of large quantities of solid waste in the region every year.

(24) strengthen the guarantee of the rule of law. We will actively promote legislation on the comprehensive utilization of resources, study and formulate management measures for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid wastes such as construction waste and crop straw, and encourage local governments to formulate laws and regulations on the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid wastes. Strengthen law enforcement and supervision, give full play to the functions of departments such as the ecological environment, market supervision and natural resources, strictly implement relevant laws and regulations on the prevention and control of solid waste pollution, form a comprehensive force of supervision and law enforcement, and increase penalties for relevant illegal subjects and acts.

(25) improve the support policy. We will continue to implement preferential policies such as value-added tax, income tax and environmental protection tax. We will encourage green credit and support enterprises that make comprehensive use of large quantities of solid waste to issue green bonds. Encourage local governments to support the development of industries with comprehensive utilization of resources. We will improve the market access system, strengthen supervision after the event, create a fair competitive market environment, effectively enhance the attractiveness of industrial investment in the comprehensive utilization of resources, and guide social capital to increase investment in the comprehensive utilization of large quantities of solid wastes. we will constantly explore ways and models to rely on market mechanisms to promote the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid wastes.

(26) strengthen publicity and promotion. We will organize and carry out various publicity activities to publicize and popularize relevant knowledge about the comprehensive utilization of large quantities of solid waste through traditional news media, new media and other channels, so as to raise the awareness of the whole people in saving resources and protecting the environment. Give full play to the guiding role of relevant departments and trade associations, publicize typical cases of comprehensive utilization of solid waste, promote typical experience, stimulate social investment motivation and vitality, and create a good atmosphere for the active participation of the whole society.

National Development and Reform Commission Science and Technology Department Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Ministry of Finance and Administration Self-financing source department Health environment department Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Ministry of Agriculture, Agriculture and Village General Administration of Market Supervision State Administration March 18, 2021

2021-03-24 Department of Environmental Resources

Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission, together with nine departments, issued the guidance on the Comprehensive Utilization of bulk solid wastes during the 14th five-year Plan (hereinafter referred to as the "guidance"), and the relevant responsible comrades of the National Development and Reform Commission were interviewed to answer the reporter's questions.

Q: what is the background of the "guidance"?

Answer: bulk solid waste (hereinafter referred to as "bulk solid waste") refers to a single kind of solid waste with an annual production capacity of more than 100 million tons, including coal gangue, fly ash, tailings, industrial by-product gypsum, smelting slag, construction waste and crop straw, which are the key areas of comprehensive utilization of resources. China has always attached great importance to the comprehensive utilization of resources, especially since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has incorporated the comprehensive utilization of resources into the overall layout of the construction of ecological civilization, constantly improving laws and policies, strengthening scientific and technological support, and perfecting standards and regulations. to promote the development and growth of the industry of comprehensive utilization of resources, and positive progress has been made in all kinds of work. In 2019, the comprehensive utilization rate of bulk solid waste reached 55 percent, an increase of 5 percentage points over 2015. During the 13th five-year Plan period, the cumulative comprehensive utilization of all kinds of solid waste was about 13 billion tons, the land occupation was reduced by more than 1 million mu, and the resources, environment and economic benefits were remarkable.

During the 14th five-year Plan period, China will begin a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, and it is more urgent to improve the efficiency of resource utilization in an all-round way around the theme of promoting high-quality development. Due to the influence of resource endowment, energy structure, development stage and other factors, China will still face a severe situation of high intensity, insufficient utilization and low added value of comprehensive utilization products in the future. At present, the cumulative storage capacity of bulk solid waste is about 60 billion tons, with an annual increase of nearly 3 billion tons, of which the utilization rate of solid waste such as red mud, phosphogypsum and steel slag is still low, and the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste has a long way to go.

In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, further enhance the level of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and comprehensively improve the efficiency of resource utilization, the National Development and Reform Commission took the lead in drafting the "guiding opinions." it defines the main areas and objectives for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste in the new period. This paper puts forward the key tasks of promoting the steady improvement of the comprehensive utilization efficiency of bulk solid waste, the whole process of green development, and the innovation and development of technological model, and puts forward the implementation of the action of efficient utilization of resources to promote the comprehensive utilization of resources to achieve new progress.

Q: what are the main ideas for the compilation of the guidance?

A: in accordance with the requirements of "comprehensively improving the efficiency of resource utilization" put forward by the Fifth Plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, the overall consideration of the "guiding opinions" is to focus on seven types of solid waste, comprehensively consider the stage of China's economic and social development in the next five years, unswervingly implement the new concept of development, take promoting the green development of the industry of comprehensive utilization of resources as the core, and focus on green, efficient, high-quality, high-value, and large-scale utilization. We will constantly improve the industrial system, continuously innovate the utilization model, tackle key problems and break through key technologies, gradually improve policies and regulations, and make systematic arrangements for promoting the high-quality development of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid wastes during the 14th five-year Plan period.

Q: what basic principles and objectives are put forward in the guidance?

A: the guiding opinions put forward five basic principles for promoting the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste in the new period. First, adhere to the combination of government guidance and market leadership. We will improve comprehensive policies and measures and give full play to the decisive role of the market in allocating resources. The second is to adhere to the combination of scale utilization and high-value utilization. We will actively broaden the channels for comprehensive utilization of large quantities of solid waste and constantly improve the added value of products for comprehensive utilization of resources. The third is to adhere to the combination of consumption stock and control increment. Scientific and orderly consumption of large quantities of solid waste, and strict control of the new bulk solid waste pile stock. Fourth, we should adhere to the combination of highlighting key points and systematic governance. We will strengthen the management of the whole process of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and coordinate to promote the production and utilization of waste, and standardize the disposal of solid waste. Fifth, adhere to the combination of technological innovation and model innovation. Strengthen the guidance of innovation, break through the technical bottleneck of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and cultivate a new model of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste.

The guidance points out that by 2025, the comprehensive utilization capacity of bulk solid waste will be significantly improved, the scale of utilization will continue to expand, the comprehensive utilization rate of new bulk solid waste will reach 60%, and the stock of bulk solid waste will be reduced in an orderly manner. At the same time, five goals are put forward, such as the continuous improvement of the comprehensive utilization industrial system, the gradual establishment of the technological innovation system, the basic improvement of the comprehensive utilization system, the continuous innovation of the collaborative development model and the significant enhancement of the demonstration and leading role.

Q: what key tasks have been identified in the guidance in promoting the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste?

A: the guidance clearly defines 13 key tasks for promoting the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste from three aspects: improving utilization efficiency, promoting green development, and promoting innovation and development.

The first is to improve the utilization efficiency of bulk solid waste resources. Centering on seven categories of varieties, such as coal gangue and fly ash, tailings (co-associated ore), smelting slag, industrial by-product gypsum, construction waste and crop straw, the main ways of comprehensive utilization of all kinds of solid waste are put forward to improve the utilization efficiency of bulk solid waste resources. For coal gangue and fly ash, comprehensive utilization of fillers and building materials is encouraged; for tailings (associated ore), the preparation of alternative materials from sand sources and cascade recovery of valuable components are encouraged; for smelting slag, it is encouraged to be used in the mixing of road materials, construction engineering, recovery of rare and precious metals, etc. For industrial by-product gypsum, encourage the use of building materials, soil improvement, roadbed materials, preparation of new materials, etc.; for construction waste, encourage the use of recycled aggregates, environmental treatment, etc.; for crop straw, encourage the use of fertilizer, feed, base, clean energy, high value-added green products and so on.

The second is to promote the green development of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste. From the three links of green transformation of waste industry, green production of waste industry and standard disposal of bulk solid waste, this paper defines the relevant requirements of green development in the whole process of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste. For the waste production industry, the source reduction of bulk solid waste can be realized by carrying out green design, developing green mining industry, carrying out green transformation of key industries, promoting self-absorption of bulk solid waste production process, and carrying out green construction in the field of engineering construction. For the waste industry, the process control should be strengthened by strengthening regulation, strengthening supervision, developing green transportation, carrying out cleaner production audit and so on. For standardized disposal, we should strengthen the management of storage and disposal of bulk solid waste, take into account the incremental consumption of bulk solid waste and stock management, and keep the bottom line of the environment.

The third is to promote the innovative development of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste. Arrange related tasks from four aspects: mode innovation, scientific and technological innovation, mechanism innovation and management innovation. With regard to the innovative utilization mode, the comprehensive utilization model of bulk solid waste is put forward for different industries. With regard to the innovation of key technologies, enterprises are encouraged to increase investment in research and development of key technologies, establish a basic R & D platform, incorporate key technologies for comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste into national key R & D plans, and strengthen the promotion and application of advanced and applicable technologies. With regard to the innovative collaborative mechanism, we should encourage the coordinated utilization of multi-industries, promote the deep integration among industries, promote cross-regional collaborative utilization, and promote the coordinated disposal and utilization of bulk solid wastes in major strategic areas of the country. With regard to innovative management methods, we should make use of modern information technology means to gradually realize the management mode of "Internet + 's massive solid waste", encourage social forces to carry out transaction information services for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and improve the efficiency of resource allocation.

Q: in view of the goals and tasks set out in the guidance, how will the National Development and Reform Commission and relevant departments promote their implementation in the next step?

A: in order to further do a good job in the implementation of the work, the "guiding opinions" put forward four specific actions. First, the backbone enterprises demonstrate and lead the action. Cultivate 50 backbone enterprises with strong driving role and obvious technological and market advantages, support the construction of key projects, and strive to form a number of replicable and popularized implementation examples. The second is the comprehensive utilization of base construction. Focus on key waste production industries, cultivate 50 bases for comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste and 50 bases for comprehensive utilization of industrial resources, and cultivate 50 industrial-agricultural compound circular economy demonstration parks in the main grain and cotton producing areas. Third, the product promotion action of comprehensive utilization of resources. We will increase the promotion of products for the comprehensive utilization of resources, and combine them with the creation of green life, green procurement, green buildings, and rural construction actions. The fourth is the action to improve the governance capacity of the bulk solid waste system. The ways to improve the comprehensive utilization capacity of bulk solid waste are put forward in many aspects, such as improving standards, strengthening statistics, carrying out evaluation and so on.

Q: how can we ensure the smooth and effective implementation of the guidance?

A: in order to strengthen implementation, the "guiding opinions" put forward four safeguard measures. First, strengthen organization and coordination. Development and reform commissions at all levels and relevant departments should earnestly perform their duties, establish a coordination mechanism, and make overall efforts to promote the comprehensive utilization of large quantities of solid waste. The second is to strengthen the guarantee of the rule of law. We will improve laws and regulations, actively promote legislation on the comprehensive utilization of resources, and strengthen law enforcement and supervision. The third is to improve the support policy. We will continue to implement preferential tax policies, encourage green credit, support relevant enterprises to issue green bonds, encourage local governments to support the development of industries with comprehensive utilization of resources, and constantly explore ways and models to rely on market mechanisms to promote the comprehensive utilization of large quantities of solid waste. Fourth, strengthen publicity and promotion. Give full play to the role of all kinds of media, strengthen the publicity of various policies, typical cases, and advanced experience, stimulate investment vitality, and create a good atmosphere for the active participation of the whole society.