Shandong publishes the development plan of hydrogen energy industry from 2020 to 2030

SMM: a few days ago, the General Office of the people's Government of Shandong Province issued the "medium-and long-term Development Plan of hydrogen Energy Industry in Shandong Province (2020-2030)." This plan is the guiding document for the development of hydrogen energy industry in Shandong Province in the future, and it is also an important basis for the local government to work out the development plan or action plan of hydrogen energy industry.

In terms of development goals, Shandong Province will, through about 10 years of efforts, realize the breakthrough development of the hydrogen energy industry from small to large and from weak to strong, and build two major brands of "China hydrogen Valley" and "Oriental hydrogen Island". Cultivate and strengthen the "Lu hydrogen Economic Belt" (Qingdao-Weifang-Zibo-Jinan-Liaocheng-Jining), The national hydrogen energy and fuel cell demonstration zone, which integrates hydrogen energy innovation and research and development, equipment manufacturing, product application and commercial operation, has been built, which has become a leading and internationally renowned highland for the development of hydrogen energy industry, in order to promote the conversion of new and old kinetic energy. to provide an important guarantee for high-quality development.

From 2020 to 2022, the hydrogen energy industry will start in an all-round way. The industrial development system has been gradually improved, and more than 100 enterprises related to the hydrogen energy industry have been gathered. The production capacity of fuel cell engines has reached 20000, and the production capacity of fuel cell vehicles has reached 5000. We will speed up the layout of fuel cell rail transit, port machinery, shipping and distributed power generation equipment industries, and the total output value of the hydrogen energy industry has exceeded 20 billion yuan. The core technologies such as industrial by-product hydrogen purification, fuel cell engine, key materials and power system integration are the first to make breakthroughs and reach the domestic advanced level. The construction of hydrogenation infrastructure has been promoted in an orderly manner, and a total of 30 hydrogenation stations have been built (including co-construction stations with other energy sources). Preliminary results have been achieved in pilot demonstration, and fuel cell vehicles have taken the lead in the demonstration and promotion of commercial vehicles such as public transportation and logistics. About 3000 fuel cell vehicles have been demonstrated and promoted in the province, and pilot demonstration of fuel cells in emergency power supply, communication base stations, energy storage and other fields has been realized.

The period from 2023 to 2025 is the period of accelerated development of hydrogen energy industry. The hydrogen energy industry chain is basically complete, cultivating about 10 well-known enterprises with core competitiveness and influence, with a production capacity of 50000 fuel cell engines and 20000 fuel cell vehicles. Breakthroughs have been made in the fuel cell rail transit, port machinery, shipping and distributed power generation equipment industry, and the total output value of the hydrogen energy industry has exceeded 100 billion yuan. The core technologies such as fuel cell engine, key materials, components and power system integration are close to the international advanced level. The network of hydrogen production, hydrogen storage (transportation), hydrogenation and supporting facilities has been gradually improved. Hydrogen energy has been quantified and popularized in commercial vehicles, passenger vehicles, ships, distributed energy, energy storage and other application fields. 10000 fuel cell vehicles have been promoted, and a total of 100 hydrogenation stations have been built. the application of hydrogen energy in the fields of peak regulation and frequency regulation of power grid and hydrogen production from wind power generation has been gradually popularized.

From 2026 to 2030, create a dominant period for the hydrogen industry. The scale, quality and efficiency of the hydrogen energy industry have been improved in an all-round way, forming a number of domestic and international well-known enterprises and brands with independent intellectual property rights. Major breakthroughs have been made in key technologies, comprehensive indicators have reached the world's advanced level, and innovative leading advantages have been formed in the field of hydrogen energy. We will establish a new intelligent ecosystem that deeply integrates hydrogen energy industry with new generation information technology such as big data, Internet of things and artificial intelligence, and new forms of business such as sharing economy, smart transportation, and new smart cities.

The following is the original text of the development plan:

Medium-and long-term Development Plan of hydrogen Energy Industry in Shandong Province (2020-2030)

Hydrogen energy is a kind of secondary energy with a wide range of sources, clean, carbon-free, flexible and efficient, and rich in application scenaries. it is an ideal Internet medium to promote the clean and efficient use of traditional fossil energy and support the large-scale development of renewable energy. it is also the best choice to realize large-scale and deep decarbonization in transportation, industry and construction. Hydrogen energy has gradually become an important direction of the global energy technology revolution and industrial development, and it is also an important carrier of energy green transformation and development in the future.

Shandong is a major industrial and energy province. At present, it is in the critical stage of the transformation of new and old kinetic energy, economic transformation and upgrading, and is facing the severe challenge of the total amount of coal consumption and environmental capacity. Speeding up the development of the hydrogen industry is the inevitable choice to thoroughly implement the idea of ecological civilization, promote the revolution in energy production and consumption, and build a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. It is a major measure to cultivate and strengthen strategic emerging industries, promote the transformation of new and old kinetic energy, and achieve high-quality development. It is an inherent requirement to deal with global climate change, improve the ecological environment and achieve sustainable development.

This plan is prepared according to the National Strategic emerging Industry Development Plan of the 13th five-year Plan, made in China 2025, National Innovation-driven Development Strategy outline, Energy Technology Revolution and Innovation Action Plan (2016-2030) and Shandong New Energy Industry Development Plan (2018-2028). The planning period is 2020 / 2030. This plan is the guiding document for the development of hydrogen energy industry in Shandong Province in the future, and it is also an important basis for the local government to work out the development plan or action plan of hydrogen energy industry.

I. Development environment

(1) facing the situation.

1. The development of international hydrogen energy industry has been accelerated in an all-round way. At present, a new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial change is accelerating, hydrogen energy production, storage and transportation, fuel cell and other technologies are becoming increasingly mature, hydrogen energy strategy has become an important part of the future global energy strategy. The United States, Japan, South Korea, the European Union and other major developed countries and regions have incorporated hydrogen energy into their energy development strategies and continuously increased support for technology research and development and industrialization. Key enterprises are in the global leading position in hydrogen technology research and development, key materials manufacturing and other aspects. Hydrogen energy has gradually changed from demonstration application to large-scale promotion, the industrial chain has been continuously improved, and the industrial scale has expanded rapidly. The International hydrogen Energy Commission predicts that by 2050, hydrogen energy will create 30 million jobs, reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 6 billion tons, create a market value of US $2.5 trillion, and account for 18% of global energy consumption.

2. Accelerated planning and layout of domestic hydrogen energy industry. The state attaches great importance to the development of hydrogen energy industry. Documents such as the outline of National Innovation-driven Development Strategy, the 13th five-year Plan, the National Strategic emerging Industry Development Plan, and the outline for the Construction of a Traffic Power all encourage and guide the development of hydrogen energy industry. Domestic hydrogen energy production, storage and transportation, fuel cell system integration, hydrogenation facilities and other major technologies and production processes are making continuous progress, and the hydrogen energy industry is showing a trend of accelerated development. According to the forecast of the China hydrogen Energy Alliance, by 2030, China's hydrogen demand will reach 35 million tons. By 2050, hydrogen energy will account for at least 10% of China's terminal energy system, and the annual output value of the industrial chain will be about 12 trillion yuan, becoming a new growth pole leading economic development.

(2) basic conditions.

1. The development of hydrogen energy industry has a unique resource advantage. Shandong has a wide range of hydrogen sources, rich in by-product hydrogen resources in chlor-alkali, coking and other industries, and large-scale hydrogen production from fossil fuels. According to the preliminary estimates of relevant institutions, the annual output of hydrogen in the province is about 2.6 million tons, ranking first in the country, and most of them are industrial by-products with good quality and low price, and have the cost advantage of large-scale utilization. At the same time, Shandong Province has the largest installed scale of photovoltaic power in the country, the fourth in the country, and 5.7 million kilowatts of nuclear power under construction, which has good conditions for hydrogen production from new energy sources.

2. The development of hydrogen energy industry has a strong advantage of technological innovation. The backbone enterprises of hydrogen energy industry in Shandong Province give full play to the main role of innovation, together with key universities and scientific research institutes, important progress has been made in key technologies such as preparation of key materials and core components of fuel cells, system integration and intelligent control, new generation of high-energy efficient hydrogen storage and transportation, and new proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems. Weichai Group led the national key research and development project "fuel Cell engine and Commercial vehicle industrialization Technology and Application", actively established the National fuel Cell Technology Innovation Center, Dongyue Group established the State key Laboratory of Fluorine-containing functional membrane Materials, and Shandong Energy Research Institute established the hydrogen Energy fuel Cell function Lab to comprehensively carry out key technologies and demonstration applications of hydrogen energy and fuel cells.

3. The development of hydrogen energy industry has a solid industrial foundation. The hydrogen energy industry in Shandong Province basically covers the fields of hydrogen production, storage and transportation, fuel cell key materials, fuel cell vehicles and supporting industries, with more than 50 key enterprises (research institutions). Weichai Group initially has a full set of R & D and evaluation capabilities of "basic components-stack-engine-whole vehicle", has formed a series of fuel cell engine products covering 30-120kW, and built 20, 000 hydrogen fuel cell engine factories; the quality of fuel cell proton exchange membrane of Dongyue Group is close to the world's advanced level. The leading role of enterprises has created favorable conditions for speeding up the development of hydrogen energy industry in the province.

(3) prospects for development.

1. Hydrogen energy has a wide range of applications. As a kind of secondary energy with a wide range of sources, low-carbon and environmental protection, hydrogen energy can be widely used in transportation, energy, industry and other fields. Through fuel cell technology, it can be applied to automobile, ship, rail transit and other fields, effectively reduce the dependence of long-distance and high-load traffic on fuel gas, and promote clean energy use of traffic terminals. it can also realize interconnection and complementarity with electric power, heat and other energy varieties, improve energy efficiency, effectively make up for the deficiency of poor storage of electric energy, and effectively support the development of renewable energy. It can also be organically integrated with refining, iron and steel, metallurgical and other industries to achieve industrial coupling on a larger scale and effectively reduce carbon emissions.

2. The development of hydrogen energy industry has broad market potential. Shandong is a major province in the equipment manufacturing industry, with heavy diesel engines, heavy trucks, mining machinery and construction machinery and other equipment industries in the forefront of the country. Weichai Group's engines, Dongyue Group's functional membrane, Shandong heavy Industry's heavy trucks and construction machinery, Zhongtong bus's bus logistics and other commercial vehicles, ice wheel group's compressors and other products cover the whole country and occupy an important market share. With the acceleration of hydrogen energy industrialization, hydrogen energy and fuel cells have broad application space and huge market potential in many fields. Giving full play to the advantages of industrial by-product hydrogen resources in the province and speeding up the development of hydrogen energy purification and utilization and storage and transportation equipment industry can not only improve the efficiency of resource utilization, but also provide a more stable hydrogen source guarantee for Shandong Province, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and other surrounding areas.

At the same time, the development of hydrogen energy industry in Shandong Province is also faced with many difficulties and restrictions. first, there is a shortage of leading R & D personnel and specialized teams. there is a big gap between the core technology and key materials of fuel cell stack, hydrogen compressor for hydrogenation station, key components of high-pressure hydrogen storage system and hydrogen filling machine, and so on. The key technology is still in the critical stage, the maturity is low, the key materials are mainly imported, and the cost is high. The development of technical standards and testing system lags behind. Second, infrastructure construction is weak. The infrastructure such as hydrogen filling station is lack of overall design and policy support in the aspects of examination and approval and operation management, and the construction progress is slow, which affects the promotion and application of fuel cell vehicles. Third, the planning policy system needs to be established. Hydrogen energy enterprises lack of planning and overall planning, scattered layout, lack of close relationship between upstream and downstream enterprises, and lack of cluster cooperation effect. In addition, governments at all levels, enterprises and the public need to further improve their awareness of hydrogen energy safety.

II. General requirements

(1) guiding ideology. Under the guidance of the thought of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, we should fully implement the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress and the second, third and fourth Plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee, firmly establish a new concept of development, and follow the revolutionary strategy of energy production and consumption. Shandong's comprehensive advantages should be brought into full play under the leadership of major projects for the conversion of new and old kinetic energy and with supply-side structural reform as the main line. Take the development of hydrogen energy as an important engine to promote industrial transformation and upgrading and promote the adjustment of energy structure, vigorously strengthen technological research and development, enhance the level of equipment manufacturing, connect the hydrogen energy industry chain, build a new type of industrial ecology, and speed up demonstration, promotion and application. We will consolidate the foundation of safety and environmental protection, build a hydrogen energy brand in Shandong, and create a national demonstration zone for hydrogen energy and fuel cells, so as to provide strong support for the construction of a modern and strong province in the new era.

(2) basic principles.

1. Overall layout and highlight the key points. We should adhere to the resource advantages and industrial foundation of various localities, adhere to systematic thinking, optimize the overall layout, define the implementation path, make breakthroughs from the key industries with the most potential and advantages, promote agglomeration development, and refrain from blooming everywhere and low-level repeated construction. build a hydrogen energy industry system with obvious regional advantages and coordination between upstream and downstream.

2. Market-led, government-guided. We should give full play to the driving role of the market in industrial development and the decisive role of resource allocation, and mobilize and stimulate the leading role of various market entities such as enterprises in the development of hydrogen energy industry. We should give better play to the government's role in planning, guiding and policy incentives for the development of the hydrogen energy industry, standardize the order of industrial development, guide market consumption, and create a good environment.

3. Innovation-driven, demonstration-led. Adhere to the combination of independent innovation and introduction, digestion and absorption, make clear the main direction of attack, take core technologies and key materials as breakthroughs, promote key enterprises and scientific research institutions to strengthen technological research and development, speed up the formation of technologies, standards and brands with independent intellectual property rights, and reduce the cost of hydrogen energy application. We will speed up the demonstration, promotion and application of hydrogen energy in multi-fields and multi-scenarios, speed up the construction of hydrogenation infrastructure, and promote the large-scale and commercial development of hydrogen energy industry.

4. Green ecology, safety norms. Adhere to "low-carbon energy production and green energy consumption", reasonably plan and guide the development mode and scale of hydrogen energy industry, optimize hydrogen energy preparation process, and promote green hydrogen energy production. Strengthen safety awareness and establish and improve safety standards and norms covering the whole industry chain of hydrogen production, storage and transportation, hydrogenation infrastructure, fuel cells and their applications.

(3) Development goals. Through about 10 years of efforts, we have realized the breakthrough development of hydrogen energy industry in Shandong Province from small to large and from weak to strong, and created two major brands of "China hydrogen Valley" and "Oriental hydrogen Island". Cultivate and strengthen the "Lu hydrogen Economic Belt" (Qingdao-Weifang-Zibo-Jinan-Liaocheng-Jining), and build a national hydrogen energy and fuel cell demonstration zone integrating hydrogen energy innovation research and development, equipment manufacturing, product application and commercial operation. It has become a leading and internationally renowned highland for the development of hydrogen energy industry, which provides an important guarantee for promoting the conversion of new and old kinetic energy and realizing high-quality development.

From 2020 to 2022, the hydrogen energy industry will start in an all-round way. The industrial development system has been gradually improved, and more than 100 enterprises related to the hydrogen energy industry have been gathered. The production capacity of fuel cell engines has reached 20000, and the production capacity of fuel cell vehicles has reached 5000. We will speed up the layout of fuel cell rail transit, port machinery, shipping and distributed power generation equipment industries, and the total output value of the hydrogen energy industry has exceeded 20 billion yuan. The core technologies such as industrial by-product hydrogen purification, fuel cell engine, key materials and power system integration are the first to make breakthroughs and reach the domestic advanced level. The construction of hydrogenation infrastructure has been promoted in an orderly manner, and a total of 30 hydrogenation stations have been built (including co-construction stations with other energy sources). Preliminary results have been achieved in pilot demonstration, and fuel cell vehicles have taken the lead in the demonstration and promotion of commercial vehicles such as public transportation and logistics. About 3000 fuel cell vehicles have been demonstrated and promoted in the province, and pilot demonstration of fuel cells in emergency power supply, communication base stations, energy storage and other fields has been realized.

The period from 2023 to 2025 is the period of accelerated development of hydrogen energy industry. The hydrogen energy industry chain is basically complete, cultivating about 10 well-known enterprises with core competitiveness and influence, with a production capacity of 50000 fuel cell engines and 20000 fuel cell vehicles. Breakthroughs have been made in the fuel cell rail transit, port machinery, shipping and distributed power generation equipment industry, and the total output value of the hydrogen energy industry has exceeded 100 billion yuan. The core technologies such as fuel cell engine, key materials, components and power system integration are close to the international advanced level. The network of hydrogen production, hydrogen storage (transportation), hydrogenation and supporting facilities has been gradually improved. Hydrogen energy has been quantified and popularized in commercial vehicles, passenger vehicles, ships, distributed energy, energy storage and other application fields. 10000 fuel cell vehicles have been promoted, and a total of 100 hydrogenation stations have been built. the application of hydrogen energy in the fields of peak regulation and frequency regulation of power grid and hydrogen production from wind power generation has been gradually popularized.

From 2026 to 2030, create a dominant period for the hydrogen industry. The scale, quality and efficiency of the hydrogen energy industry have been improved in an all-round way, forming a number of domestic and international well-known enterprises and brands with independent intellectual property rights. Major breakthroughs have been made in key technologies, comprehensive indicators have reached the world's advanced level, and innovative leading advantages have been formed in the field of hydrogen energy. We will establish a new intelligent ecosystem that deeply integrates hydrogen energy industry with new generation information technology such as big data, Internet of things and artificial intelligence, and new forms of business such as sharing economy, smart transportation, and new smart cities.

III. Development path and spatial layout

(1) the path of development. The hydrogen energy industry chain covers hydrogen production, storage and transportation, hydrogenation infrastructure, fuel cells and their applications. The hydrogen energy industry in Shandong Province shows obvious advantages of upstream hydrogen production and downstream vehicle manufacturing industry, and there are outstanding shortcomings, hydrogen filling stations, hydrogen storage and hydrogen production equipment in the middle reaches of fuel cell technology and key materials industry. Centering on perfecting and perfecting the hydrogen energy system of the whole industry chain, giving full play to its advantages, strengthening the deficiency, upgrading the level, seizing the first opportunity, and combining with the actual situation, make clear the focus and direction of hydrogen energy development in Shandong Province:

1. Made of hydrogen. Recently, the industrial by-product hydrogen is mainly supplied nearby, making full use of the advantages of industrial by-product hydrogen in the province, taking hydrogen energy as an important way to realize the conversion between new and old kinetic energy in Shandong Province, vigorously developing hydrogen purification technology and improving the utilization rate of industrial by-product hydrogen, driving the continuous transformation and upgrading of traditional industries such as iron and steel, coal and chemical industry, and achieving high-quality development; In the medium and long term, we will actively promote hydrogen production from renewable energy by electrolysis of water and nuclear energy, and gradually reduce the cost of hydrogen production.

2. Hydrogen storage and transportation. In the near future, emphasis will be placed on the development of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and long-tube trailer transportation; in the medium and long term, the storage and transportation capacity of hydrogen will be gradually enhanced in the direction of low pressure to high pressure, gaseous to multiphase (low temperature liquid, solid state, organic hydrogen carrier, etc.). Explore and promote the construction and operation of efficient and intelligent hydrogen transmission network.

3. Construction of hydrogenation station. According to the idea of development from point to area, from special to public, and from city to inter-city, the layout and construction of hydrogenation stations should be reasonably matched and moderately advanced, and priority should be given to the key layout of cities with rich hydrogen resources and mature application scenes, and timely popularized to the whole province. In the near future, we will focus on promoting the construction of special hydrogenation stations such as urban public transport, logistics and sanitation, carry out pilot projects for the joint construction of refueling, charging and hydrogenation stations, and promote the construction of the network layout of urban and intercity public hydrogenation stations in an orderly manner in the medium and long term. promote hydrogenation infrastructure construction on a large scale.

4. Fuel cell system. Recently, we have introduced, digested and absorbed advanced technology, increased investment in research and development of core technologies, key materials and high-end equipment, and further strengthened the leading position of fuel cell engine technology and fluorine-containing functional membrane material technology in China. We will achieve continuous breakthroughs in the key technologies of "sticking neck" as soon as possible, and gradually form batch production capacity. In the medium and long term, we will give priority to independent research and development, strengthen international cooperation, continuously develop high-power system products, improve product performance, life and localization rate, continuously reduce costs, and form large-scale production capacity.

5. The popularization and application of hydrogen energy. In the near future, priority will be given to the demonstration and application of commercial vehicles such as urban public transportation, van logistics and standby power supply of communication base stations, to explore the application of fuel power in ports, mining machinery and other fields; medium-and long-term expansion to passenger vehicles, fuel cell ships, forklifts, power grid peak shaving and island power supply, heating and energy storage and other fields.

(2) spatial layout. Based on the development of hydrogen energy industry, give full play to the leading role of backbone enterprises and scientific research institutes, gather superior resources, build Lu hydrogen economic belt, build two highlands, layout two clusters, and create a national hydrogen energy and fuel cell demonstration zone.

1. Build two great highlands. Relying on the leading zone for the conversion of new and old kinetic energy in Jinan, we will speed up the construction of "China hydrogen Valley" which integrates the trinity of "hydrogen Energy Science and Technology Park", "hydrogen Energy Industry Park" and "hydrogen Energy Convention and Exhibition Business District". Form a scientific and efficient hydrogenation network and hydrogen energy supply system, and create hydrogen industry innovation research and development, equipment manufacturing, business exhibition, commercial application base. In Qingdao, relying on scientific research institutions such as Shandong Energy Research Institute, create a highland for hydrogen energy innovation and research and development; rationally distribute hydrogen energy equipment manufacturing industry, cultivate hydrogen energy rail vehicle and ship R & D and manufacturing base, hydrogen energy port machinery and logistics application base, hydrogen energy cogeneration and fixed and distributed power R & D and application base, and make every effort to create "Oriental hydrogen Island".

2. Layout two clusters. With the help of the leading and exemplary role of the two hydrogen energy highlands, it promotes the rapid development of hydrogen energy industry in other cities of Lu hydrogen Economic Belt, forming fuel cell and key materials industry clusters led by Weifang and Zibo, and fuel cell vehicle and hydrogen energy storage equipment industry clusters led by Liaocheng and Jining. Among them, Weifang City focuses on building the world's leading fuel cell engine manufacturing base, Zibo City focuses on building fuel cell key materials and core components industry base, Liaocheng focuses on building fuel cell vehicle R & D and manufacturing base, Jining City focuses on building hydrogen production storage and transportation equipment industry base.

We will support other regions to do a good job in the development of complementary chains and characteristic industries in line with local conditions, speed up the diversified application of hydrogen energy in transportation, energy, construction, industry and other fields, and provide important support for the development of hydrogen energy industry in the province.

IV. Key development tasks

(1) to implement innovation-driven projects and master core technologies. We should adhere to the innovation-driven development strategy, optimize the innovation system and mechanism, stimulate the innovation vitality of enterprises, concentrate superior forces to break through the key core technologies of the hydrogen energy industry, promote the deep integration of the industrial chain and the innovation chain, and promote the hydrogen energy industry to move towards the middle and high end of the global value chain.

1. Break through the core technology. Around the construction of the hydrogen energy industry chain, the key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technology research and development into the provincial science and technology plan to support. Fully mobilize relevant scientific research resources and forces, focus on green large-scale hydrogen production and hydrogen purification, hydrogen storage and transportation, automotive fuel cells and key materials and fuel cell vehicle key technologies, and focus on tackling key forties. to ensure our province's leading position in hydrogen energy technology. Develop green large-scale hydrogen production technology, focus on breaking through megawatt PEM electrolysis hydrogen production technology, hydrogen purification and quality testing technology, research and development of solid oxide electrolysis hydrogen production (SOEC) technology, focus on breaking through 70MPa high pressure gaseous hydrogen storage tank manufacturing technology, increase research and development of metal hydrogen storage, organic liquid hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen related technology. Combined with the development trend of automotive fuel cell technology at home and abroad, we focus on the development of automotive fuel cell stack with low cost, long life and high power density, break through the bipolar plate batch manufacturing technology, and develop high efficiency and low cost catalyst. According to the technical characteristics of fuel cell stack, focus on breaking through the fuel cell vehicle hydrogen-electric hybrid power system, optimizing energy management strategy, strengthening vehicle safety protection, hydrogen sensor safety testing and on-line insulation monitoring, etc. improve the economy and safety of fuel cell vehicles.

2. Build the carrier of innovation. Relying on Shandong Energy Research Institute, Shandong University, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao University of Science and Technology and other scientific research institutes and institutions of higher learning, in accordance with international advanced technological standards and industrial development needs, to carry out hydrogen energy cutting-edge technology research and major technology joint research. We will speed up the construction of hydrogen energy technology innovation platforms for a number of enterprises as the main body, market-oriented, and industry-university-research integrated provincial engineering laboratories, engineering research centers, key laboratories, and enterprise technology centers. Relying on Weichai provincial fuel cell technology innovation center, together with key universities, scientific research institutions and advantageous enterprises inside and outside the province, to build a national fuel cell technology innovation center. Powerful enterprises and scientific research institutions are encouraged to build innovative support service platforms such as hydrogen production and storage, fuel cells and power systems, vehicle production, key fuel cell materials, inspection and testing, and results transformation. Explore the establishment of Shandong hydrogen Energy and fuel Cell Industry Research Institute, strengthen the collaborative research on technological innovation of hydrogen energy and fuel cell industry, establish a scientific and technological innovation incubation base and a scientific and technological service platform to support the development of hydrogen energy industry.

3. Cultivate innovative talents. Strengthen the gathering and cultivation of innovative talents in the hydrogen energy industry, strengthen the active docking with domestic and foreign "high-level" talent teams, and actively introduce high-level hydrogen energy innovation teams. Establish a hydrogen energy industry development expert think tank to provide cooperation and services such as decision-making consultation, joint research on key technical problems, and transformation of technological achievements. We will support universities and scientific research institutions at home and abroad to set up hydrogen energy research and development institutions and pilot bases in Shandong Province, innovate the mode of introducing talents, and support the incubation of original technologies. Relying on key universities and research institutions, we will speed up the training of innovative and skilled talents in the field of hydrogen energy.

4. Actively carry out international cooperation in hydrogen energy. We will strengthen all-round cooperation with international scientific research institutions, schools and enterprises to promote joint research and development and industrial application of key technologies common to hydrogen energy. Strengthen cooperation and exchanges with international organizations such as the International hydrogen Energy Association and the International hydrogen Energy Commission. Enterprises in the province are encouraged to set up R & D institutions overseas to carry out joint ventures and cooperation and technology introduction.

(2) implement the equipment upgrading project and run through the industrial chain. Centering on the two links of hydrogen production and hydrogen use, we will speed up the development of hydrogen production, hydrogen storage (transportation), hydrogenation and other related equipment industries, and strive to improve the level of fuel cell equipment. we will actively promote the development of equipment industries such as fuel cell vehicles, rail transit, port machinery, ships, and hydrogen energy distributed power supply, connect the upstream and downstream industrial chains, form the core competitiveness of the manufacturing industry, and seize the commanding heights of development.

1. Hydrogen production, storage, transportation and complete sets of equipment. Combined with the advantages of resources and chemical industry in Shandong Province, efforts are made to develop industrial by-product hydrogen purification equipment and electrolytic water hydrogen production plant. With the goal of achieving low-cost and large-scale hydrogen storage and transportation, accelerate the formation of independent research and development and production capacity of hydrogen storage and transportation equipment, focus on the research and development of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage equipment, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage equipment and new hydrogen storage equipment using composite hydrogen storage technology; develop hydrogen transportation pipeline related equipment, break through key technologies such as pipeline materials, compressors, hydrogen metering and so on. Encourage the introduction of international and domestic well-known enterprises, and speed up the development of hydrogen energy supporting industries such as hydrogenation machines, control valve groups, hydrogen compressors, station control systems, and so on. Efforts will be made to promote the development of new materials such as alloys, carbon fibers and composite materials related to storage and transportation.

2. Fuel cell system. Adhere to the principle of introducing both domestic and foreign advanced technology and independent research and development technology, based on the existing industrial foundation, focusing on Qingdao, Weifang and Zibo, lay out and build large-scale production bases for fuel cells and power systems, vigorously promote the industrialization and scale of fuel cell core materials, key components and power systems. Speed up the cultivation and development of key materials and processes such as proton exchange membrane, catalyst and carbon paper, improve the production technology of bipolar plates, membrane electrodes, stacks and their core components, and improve the quality of air compressors, hydrogen circulating pumps, fuel cell auxiliary systems and other products.

3. Fuel cell vehicle integration and control system. Market-oriented, better and stronger fuel cell buses, logistics vehicles, active research and development of heavy trucks, forward-looking layout of passenger cars. In order to improve the durability, reliability and economy of the whole vehicle, the integration and control technology of fuel cell stack, engine and powertrain are optimized to improve the design and manufacturing level of the whole vehicle in an all-round way. Give full play to the advantages of backbone enterprises in our province, focus on Jinan, Qingdao, Liaocheng and other cities, focus on developing 8mur12m fuel cell buses, 4.5Mel 7.5-ton logistics vehicles, municipal sanitation special vehicles, etc., make every effort to break through the key technologies of fuel cell heavy trucks of more than 40 tons, and gradually achieve batch production capacity. In the long term, with the maturity of fuel cell technology and the decline of cost, it will gradually promote the application in the field of passenger vehicles, form a multi-vehicle, multi-specification and serialized product system, and build a leading large-scale production base and industrial cluster of fuel cell vehicles in China.

4. Fuel cell rail transit, port machinery and ships and other equipment. Give full play to the existing industrial basic advantages of rail transit in Shandong Province, break through the hydrogen power system suitable for rail trams, constantly optimize the system integration technology, and timely carry out the demonstration application of fuel cell trams. In view of the serious diesel pollution in mines, ports and other application scenarios, we actively develop fuel cell construction machinery and forklifts, dump trucks, loaders and so on used in mines, ports and docks. Aiming at marine and inland river application scenarios, explore and develop marine and inland river transport ships powered by fuel cells.

5. Fuel cell distributed power generation equipment. Focus on breaking through key materials, stack design, preparation technology and other key technologies, and explore the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cell and solid oxide fuel cell distributed power generation equipment, with emphasis on breaking through the reliability and durability of the system. Appropriate development of miniaturized fuel cell power generation devices for portable power supplies and household cogeneration systems.

6. Give full play to the leading role of leading enterprises. Guide the hydrogen energy industry enterprises in the province to make use of their own advantages, increase the innovation of complete machine products, key materials, core components and manufacturing equipment, and cultivate a number of leading enterprises with core technology and strong competitiveness. Encourage relevant enterprises in the hydrogen energy industry chain to deepen cooperation, based on a safe, efficient, low-cost and low-carbon hydrogen supply system, and supported by a sound, stable and high-performance core material and equipment manufacturing industry. guided by diversified, high-quality and serialized hydrogen products, we will run through the whole hydrogen energy industry chain and form a supporting industrial system in the upper, middle and lower reaches. We will support enterprise-led orderly restructuring and integration, mergers and acquisitions, and strategic cooperation at home and abroad, and support advantageous enterprises to carry out high-level cooperation by means of mutual shareholding and strategic alliances, so as to promote common development and quickly occupy international and domestic markets.

(3) to implement basic security projects and strengthen development support. Centering on the needs of the development of the hydrogen energy industry, we should ensure the supply of hydrogen energy, optimize the layout and construction of hydrogen energy facilities, improve the integrated service capacity of production, storage, transportation and addition, and form a development network that adapts to the development of the industry and coordinates with the promotion and application.

1. To ensure the supply of hydrogen energy. Make full use of chlor-alkali, coal chemical and other industrial by-product hydrogen resources in the province, focusing on Zibo, Weifang, Binzhou, Taian, Jining and other cities, optimize purification technology, improve hydrogen quality, improve by-product hydrogen recovery and utilization, gradually reduce the cost of hydrogen consumption, and build a hydrogen energy supply network step by step. Encourage the use of hydrogen in the province to cooperate with hydrogen supply enterprises and use cheap by-product hydrogen nearby to ensure a stable supply of hydrogen resources. Actively explore renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power, low-valley power electrolysis to produce hydrogen, coastal nuclear energy to produce hydrogen, master advanced technology, expand hydrogen source channels, improve hydrogen energy supply chain, and form a low-carbon, low-cost, safe and reliable hydrogen energy supply guarantee system.

2. Speed up the construction of hydrogenation stations. Speed up the improvement of relevant standards and norms for the design and construction management of hydrogenation stations, guide cities to formulate special plans and project construction work, encourage and support cities to first try according to the needs of industrial development, and introduce measures for the management of the construction and operation of hydrogenation stations, standardize the examination and approval process of hydrogenation stations, and implement the standards and norms for the design and construction of hydrogenation stations. Priority should be given to supporting the layout and construction of hydrogen filling stations in areas where the hydrogen energy industry is developing rapidly, so as to realize the healthy operation of "station linkage". Encourage and support capable and basic enterprises to use their own refueling and gas filling station network to build energy joint stations with hydrogenation functions. Relying on the more developed highway network in our province, supporting the construction of public hydrogenation stations and other infrastructure in conditional service areas to create highway hydrogen corridors.

3. Build a hydrogen transport network. We will improve the guarantee system for hydrogen transportation, vigorously promote technological innovation, carry out higher-pressure demonstration of hydrogen long-tube trailer transport and liquid hydrogen transportation, promote the standardized construction of hydrogen transportation, and improve the efficiency of hydrogen transportation. Timely promote the construction and operation of regional hydrogen transportation network, and explore and promote the planning and construction of hydrogen intelligent transportation network.

(4) to implement demonstration and extension projects to promote the development of the industry. To meet the needs of the development of hydrogen energy industry, actively promote the promotion and application of hydrogen energy in transportation, ships, ports, metallurgy, power generation and other fields, explore diversified application ways of hydrogen energy, gradually reduce coal, oil and gas and other fossil energy consumption, and promote green and low-carbon development.

1. Focus on promoting the demonstration application of fuel cells in the field of transportation. Priority should be given to pilot demonstration of urban transportation, and cities such as Jinan, Qingdao, Zibo, Weifang, Jining and Liaocheng should be encouraged to take the lead in bringing fuel vehicles into the scope of government procurement, and fuel cell vehicles should be selected according to a certain proportion when purchasing or replacing urban buses, logistics vehicles, and sanitation vehicles. We will gradually promote the demonstration and application of fuel cell vehicles in industrial and mining areas, port areas and key industrial parks to effectively reduce pollutant emissions from operating vehicles. Encourage and support the integrated construction and operation of fuel vehicles and hydrogenation stations. Explore and promote the application and demonstration of fuel cells in port operations, rail transit, ships, drones and other fields.

2. Accelerate the demonstration application in the field of energy storage and power generation. Relying on communication base stations, data centers, railway communication stations, power grid substation facilities and other places, we will speed up the demonstration application of hydrogen emergency power supply in the field of communications and data storage, and improve the reliability of equipment power supply. Give full play to the advantages of long period of hydrogen energy regulation and large energy storage capacity, gradually carry out technical demonstration of hydrogen energy in renewable energy consumption, power grid peak regulation and other scenarios, and explore and cultivate a new integrated application mode of wind power generation and hydrogen energy storage. Make full use of the advantages of hydrogen-electricity conversion, by means of multi-energy complementarity and intelligent microgrid, layout fuel cell cogeneration system according to local conditions, and promote the demonstration of comprehensive energy utilization with hydrogen as the core in parks, mining areas, ports and other areas. Based on the needs of power supply in coastal islands, demonstration applications of fuel cell distributed power sources and fixed power stations are carried out.

3. Actively explore the alternative application in the field of metallurgy and chemical industry. With the continuous improvement of the economy of hydrogen production technology, it is necessary to explore and expand the application of low-cost clean energy hydrogen production as high-quality raw materials in iron and steel, metallurgy, refining and other industries, so as to effectively reduce the consumption of fossil energy in the industrial field. The demonstration of hydrogen energy-metallurgical coupling utilization can be carried out to change a large number of carbon dioxide emission problems caused by carbon reduction in traditional metallurgical processes.

(5) to implement the project of industrial integration and build a new type of ecology. Actively promote the benign interactive development of hydrogen energy industry and traditional industries, promote the integrated development of hydrogen energy industry and new technologies, new models and new forms of industry, constantly expand the application of hydrogen energy in multiple scenarios of the whole society, and build a new type of hydrogen energy industry ecology. advocate the concept of low-carbon hydrogen energy development.

1. We will promote industrial integration and innovation. We will scientifically plan to promote the coordinated development of hydrogen energy industry and machinery, chemical, iron and steel, materials and other industries, raise the level of green development, and pilot hydrogen energy-large-scale fossil energy replacement projects in the iron and steel industry. Actively explore the hydrogen energy industry and the Internet of things, big data, new smart cities and other advanced technology integration, to form a new format and ecosystem. We will promote the deep integration of hydrogen energy utilization with the service industry, encourage the integration and development of hydrogen energy with convention and exhibition, tourism, logistics, communications, e-commerce and other fields, and integrate into all economic and social fields in an orderly manner.

2. Highlight the coordinated development. Coordinate the layout of the hydrogen energy industry, promote the coordinated development of the provincial and regional hydrogen energy industry, and form a pattern of complementary and misplaced development. Deepen the coordination between the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, strengthen linkage coordination, form the advantage of agglomeration development, and enhance the degree of industrial concentration. We will actively build a platform system of the whole industry chain that integrates hydrogen energy production, research and development, application and service, innovate cooperation models, achieve joint development, and effectively promote the rapid development and in-depth promotion and application of hydrogen energy industry.

3. Pilot projects to promote the construction of hydrogen energy communities. We will actively promote the application of hydrogen energy from industrialization to daily life, timely carry out the establishment of hydrogen communities and hydrogen towns, and explore the layout of fuel cell distributed power generation / heating facilities in public buildings such as government organs, schools, hospitals, and so on.

4. Carry out hydrogen energy education and publicity and knowledge popularization. Advocate the social concept of hydrogen energy in the whole society, enhance the correct understanding of hydrogen energy technology and products, and create a good atmosphere for the whole society to care about and support the development of the industry.

(6) to implement standard construction projects and improve the quality of the industry. In view of the current imperfect hydrogen energy standards, we should give full play to the initiative of our province in the construction of hydrogen energy standards, improve the standard system of hydrogen energy industry, and support the high-quality development of hydrogen energy industry.

1. Construct the standard system of hydrogen energy. Focus on key links and fields such as hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, hydrogenation and fuel cells, fuel cell vehicles, promote in-depth cooperation with first-class technical standards institutions at home and abroad, focus on the formulation of standards in the fields of hydrogen production technology, hydrogen safety, hydrogen storage and transportation, fuel cells, and hydrogen filling stations, and gradually establish and improve a standard system covering the whole industry chain. Encourage leading enterprises to actively participate in the development of various standards and support qualified social organizations in the formulation and promulgation of relevant standards. Actively promote participation in the formulation of national industry standards, promote Shandong's superior products and technologies to become national / industry standards, and drive the industry to a high level through technical standards.

2. Promote the implementation of relevant standards. Implement the standardization development strategy, establish a sound standardization working mechanism, strengthen the implementation and supervision of standards, and consolidate the basic guarantee of standardization. Establish a mechanism for timely updating standards and strengthen the tracking and research of cutting-edge technical standards. Reward and support enterprises and institutions that lead and participate in the development of international and national hydrogen energy-related standards. We will speed up the construction of service platforms for public inspection and metrological testing of hydrogen energy products, and carry out authoritative testing of key technological products.

(7) to carry out safety and environmental protection projects to promote healthy development. We will focus on the production, storage, transportation and use of hydrogen energy, improve the safety and environmental protection management system for the whole life cycle of the hydrogen energy industry, and ensure the high-level and healthy development of the industry.

1. Strengthen product quality control. Supervise and urge enterprises to formulate and improve product quality management system, organize production in strict accordance with norms, strengthen the training of technical personnel, and improve the ability of inspection and quality assurance. Strengthen the supervision of enterprises with production licenses after the event to ensure the quality and safety of products.

2. Strengthen safety management. We will improve the safety technology systems of all kinds of products, equipment manufacturing, engineering construction, operation and management of the hydrogen energy industry, and consolidate the foundation for safety development. Strengthen the management and control of major safety risks in the production, storage, transportation and application of hydrogen energy, and strictly take measures to resolve the safety risks. We will strictly implement the main responsibility of enterprises for production safety, and establish and improve the working mechanism for production safety and emergency handling of accidents.

3. Improve environmental protection measures. We will strengthen the management of the discharge of pollutants from the hydrogen energy industry, strengthen the disposal and supervision of waste gas, waste water and waste materials in the process of hydrogen production, and improve the recovery and treatment system to meet the discharge standards. To explore the low-cost and high-efficiency treatment methods and ways of carbon dioxide in the process of hydrogen production.

4. Energy-saving technologies are widely used. Optimize the existing hydrogen production process, improve the efficiency of hydrogen production and reduce energy consumption. Research and development of new hydrogen production technology, continue to increase the proportion of renewable energy hydrogen production, reduce the consumption of resources and energy in hydrogen production, and achieve green and low-carbon hydrogen production. Actively adopt 30-50MPa 's high-pressure gaseous long-tube trailer, cryogenic liquid hydrogen, pipeline transportation and other technologies to reduce hydrogen transport energy consumption. Strengthen the energy-saving management of hydrogenation station facilities, optimize the hydrogenation process, and reduce the power consumption of hydrogenation station. Continuously improve the energy efficiency of fuel cell vehicles through technological innovation.

V. Environmental impact assessment

(1) Comprehensive evaluation. Hydrogen has the characteristics of a wide range of sources, clean and carbon-free, high energy density and high energy conversion efficiency. Speeding up the development and utilization of hydrogen energy can effectively reduce the use of fossil energy such as coal, oil and natural gas, and improve energy efficiency.

1. The utilization of hydrogen energy can promote the adjustment of energy structure in Shandong Province. The upgrading of energy structure is a process of reducing carbon and hydrogenation and increasing energy density, on the one hand, from fossil energy to new energy and renewable energy, on the other hand, from high-carbon fuel to low-carbon fuel. As a zero-carbon and zero-emission energy form, hydrogen energy can realize the integration of electricity, heat and gas networks. it is an important means to absorb new energy on a large scale and to realize the interconnection between power grid and gas network. The use of hydrogen energy to replace part of the traditional fossil energy consumption can reduce the negative impact on the ecological environment.

2. The development of hydrogen energy industry can promote the industrial transformation and upgrading of Shandong Province, and promote the healthy, efficient and sustainable development of industry. Shandong Province is rich in industrial by-product hydrogen resources, and the development of hydrogen energy industry will help to improve the efficiency of resource utilization and reduce waste. The related industries in the hydrogen energy industry chain belong to the fine development industry, and the generation of solid waste can be minimized, reduced and resourced. In the course of development, we should make a good plan, implement the double control of environmental quality and the total amount of pollution emissions, and coordinate with the national and regional environmental protection planning to ensure that the implementation of the planning is environmentally reasonable.

(2) Countermeasures and measures for environmental protection. In the aspect of hydrogen production, the purification and use of industrial by-product hydrogen can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of resources, and actively promoting renewable energy hydrogen production from water electrolysis and nuclear energy will gradually reduce the impact of hydrogen production on the environment. In the aspect of hydrogenation station construction, by encouraging the expansion of refueling stations to build energy co-construction stations with hydrogenation functions, we can improve land use efficiency and reduce the impact of infrastructure construction on the environment.

1. Measures for the prevention and control of air pollution. Strictly enforce the environmental access conditions of the project, strictly control the discharge of toxic and harmful gases, and encourage the development of projects with advanced production technology and no pollutant discharge. We will strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system and the "three simultaneous" system, and supervise and monitor key waste gas pollution sources. The scope of supervision and monitoring includes meeting the emission standards of organized waste gas, the factory boundary of unorganized waste gas, and the environmental quality standards of the surrounding sensitive targets.

2. Prevention and control measures of surface water pollution. Expand the coverage of the sewage pipe network, improve the sewage reception rate, improve the collection rate of domestic and production sewage, and reuse the effluent of the sewage treatment plant as reclaimed water.

3. Prevention and control measures of groundwater pollution. Strengthen the management of hydrogen energy enterprises and restrict the enterprises that are easy to cause groundwater pollution. Strengthen source control, regional anti-seepage, select groundwater monitoring sites for dynamic monitoring of water level and water quality. The enterprise that produces the waste water and residue should choose the suitable place as the place for the enterprise to treat the waste water and residue, and the bottom of the waste water and residue storage facility should be hardened, impervious treatment should be done, and a cofferdam should be set around it.

4. Measures for the prevention and control of noise pollution. Strictly control noise during construction. Reasonable arrangement of construction time, avoid simultaneous construction of high-noise equipment, avoid night construction, and ensure that residents around the construction area will not be affected. Control the noise source of the enterprise and increase the investment in noise reduction equipment to ensure that the noise at the factory boundary meets the standard.

5. Prevention and control measures of solid waste pollution. Focus on the development of solid waste comprehensive utilization industry chain, establish industrial solid waste management and control system, carry out the whole process management of places everywhere from the source, and carry out reduction, resource utilization and harmless treatment. The hazardous wastes produced by enterprises shall be disposed of by qualified units, and the construction of temporary storage rooms for hazardous wastes shall be managed in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the State.

VI. Safeguard measures

(1) improve the working mechanism. A leading group for the development of hydrogen energy industry in Shandong Province shall be established, with the vice governor in charge of the executive work of the provincial government as the head of the leading group, and the vice governor in charge of industry and science and technology as the deputy leader. The principal responsible comrades of the departments of provincial development and reform, education, science and technology, industry and information, finance, urban and rural housing construction, transportation, emergency, market supervision and energy are members. There are committees of experts, safety, technical standards, promotion and application, etc., to promote the development of hydrogen energy and fuel cell industry in the province as a whole, and coordinate the work of planning and implementation, project promotion, policy formulation, pilot demonstration and so on. The office of the leading group is located in the Provincial Energy Bureau and undertakes the daily work of the leading group.

(2) pay attention to strategic guidance. The development of hydrogen energy industry will be included in the 14th five-year Plan of the province's national economic and social development, the qualified hydrogen energy industry projects will be included in the provincial key projects and the database of major projects for the conversion of new and old kinetic energy, and the formation mechanism of hydrogen energy price will be studied. Strengthen the management of fuel cell vehicle industry and co-ordinate the development of hydrogen energy equipment manufacturing industry. Guide the relevant provincial enterprises to take the hydrogen energy industry as a strategic development direction, and promote the coordinated development of related enterprises in the hydrogen energy industry chain.

(3) increase capital investment. To co-ordinate all levels of scientific and technological development, the promotion and operation of new energy vehicles and other funds, make good use of new and old kinetic energy conversion funds and other policies, select hydrogen energy industry projects to be included in the provincial new and old kinetic energy conversion fund investment project database, and actively promote the development of hydrogen energy industry. We will implement preferential tax policies such as income tax concessions for high-tech enterprises, pre-tax deductions for R & D expenses, and accelerated depreciation of fixed assets. We will actively promote the connection between financial institutions and hydrogen energy enterprises, guide financial institutions to increase financial support for key projects in the hydrogen energy industry, and encourage social capital to invest in the hydrogen energy industry by means of sole proprietorship, cooperation, project financing, private equity financing, listing financing, and so on. Hydrogen technology research and development as a key direction of scientific and technological innovation will be incorporated into the provincial scientific and technological innovation plan, and the provincial scientific and technological plan will continue to increase support.

(4) strengthen the guarantee of land use. Land for key projects at the provincial level that are in line with the provincial planning and layout and with strong driving force shall be included in the scope of protection, and land shall be guaranteed. The relevant cities, counties (cities), etc., should incorporate the land for hydrogen energy industry projects into the local land space planning, and guarantee the project land as a whole.

(5) it is encouraged to try first. Drawing lessons from the common practices inside and outside the province and referring to the management mode of natural gas filling stations, we should guide cities to study and formulate measures for the planning, construction, operation and management of hydrogen filling stations, plan and layout as a whole, encourage early and pilot efforts, and speed up the construction of hydrogen filling stations.

(6) to speed up demonstration and promotion. Coordinate and promote the promotion and application of fuel cell vehicles. To guide and promote the demonstration and application of hydrogen energy in urban public transport, logistics and transportation, rail transit, passenger vehicles, ships, port operating vehicles, special vehicles and other transportation fields, and speed up the construction of two vertical and two horizontal "hydrogen corridors" projects. We will promote the demonstration and application of renewable energy in hydrogen production by electrolysis of water and nuclear energy, and promote the demonstration application of hydrogen energy in electric power, coal mines and other fields.

(7) to carry out monitoring and evaluation. Establish and improve the statistical system of hydrogen energy industry. Organize the monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the plan, and issue the evaluation report in a timely manner.

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