China Imports and Exports of Copper and Aluminum in November 2016

China’s refined copper output is expected to decline year on year for a second consecutive month in August as persistent shortages of copper concentrate and other smelter feedstocks continue to weigh on operating rates.​ State-backed research house Antaike forecasts August refined copper production at around 1.05 million tonnes among surveyed producers representing 81.97% of China’s total smelting capacity, down 2.83% year on year. July output from the same group is estimated at a similar 1.05 million tonnes, representing a 3.18% annual decline and falling short of an earlier forecast of 1.07 million tonnes.​ The expected contraction reflects increasingly tight availability of raw materials. Copper concentrate supply has remained under pressure for an extended period, prompting smelters to lower capacity utilisation as competition for feedstock intensifies.​ The strain is also visible in treatment charges. Processing fees for imported copper concentrate have remained negative for 19 consecutive months, while charges fell to a record low of around minus $175.7/t on August 7, compared with minus $38.4/t during the same period a year earlier. The deepening negative charges highlight the severity of competition among smelters for available concentrate.​ At the same time, tighter domestic tax-invoice regulations have constrained the supply of VAT-compliant recycled copper, reducing another important source of smelter feedstock and adding further pressure to refined output.​ The expected second consecutive annual decline in refined production suggests that prolonged concentrate tightness is increasingly translating into constraints on finished copper supply. With China accounting for a dominant share of global smelting capacity, continued feedstock shortages could further tighten refined copper availability and increase the market’s sensitivity to additional disruptions in concentrate supply.

Sweden has rejected appeals against Boliden’s mining concession for the Laver copper project in northern Sweden, allowing the company to advance one of Europe’s potentially significant new sources of domestic copper supply toward the environmental permitting stage. The mining concession, originally granted by Sweden’s Chief Mining Inspector in September 2025, provides the right to extract copper, gold, silver and molybdenum from the Laver deposit. The Swedish government’s August 12 decision rejected two appeals against the concession, removing an important regulatory hurdle for the proposed mine. Laver contains an indicated Mineral Resource of approximately **849.5 million tonnes grading 0.24% copper**, according to Boliden’s 2025 resource statement. The company estimates that development of the project could **roughly double Sweden’s copper production** and increase Europe’s copper self-sufficiency by approximately **10%**. The project is not yet approved for construction or production. Boliden will now proceed with its application for an environmental permit, while additional technical and regulatory work will be required before an investment decision can be made. From a longer-term supply perspective, progress at Laver is significant as Europe seeks to increase domestic production of critical raw materials and reduce its reliance on imported copper. Although production remains several years away, removal of the concession appeals improves the project’s development pathway and could ultimately support a meaningful increase in European mined copper supply.

Copper is trading near record levels at around $14,500/t, while tightness in the London Metal Exchange market has intensified sharply. The August–September spread has widened to around $370/t, while the cash-to-three-month backwardation has reached approximately $434/t, highlighting increasingly strong demand for immediately available metal.​ The tightening market structure has coincided with a prolonged decline in exchange inventories. LME copper stocks have fallen for 42 consecutive days to 204,975 tonnes, with nearly half of the remaining material reportedly already earmarked for withdrawal. The combination of falling inventories and widening nearby premiums points to mounting pressure in the physical market.​ At the same time, copper flows are becoming increasingly fragmented geographically. Metal has been redirected toward the US amid expectations of possible 15–30% tariffs on refined copper, while demand for deliverable units in China has also strengthened as smelters face tighter feedstock availability following the DRC’s concentrate export restrictions.​ Supply-side constraints are adding to the pressure. Chilean copper production remains around 5.5 million tonnes per year, while Indonesia’s 342,000-tpy Gresik smelter is currently offline, reducing refined supply availability. These developments come as concentrate markets remain tight and smelter operating conditions stay under pressure.​ The increasingly pronounced backwardation suggests that the immediate issue for the copper market is not simply high prices, but access to physical metal. BMI currently expects 2026 copper prices to average around $13,500/t, while maintaining a view of strong upside risks. If LME inventories continue to decline, competition for warehouse metal could intensify further, increasing the risk of additional volatility in nearby contracts.