Recently, Huawei launched the world's first intelligent group series energy storage solution and the "Intelligent Group Series Energy Storage Technology White Paper", which combines digital information technology with photovoltaic energy storage technology, and puts forward for the first time the brand-new concept of "grouping", "intelligent" and "modular" design of energy storage system, so as to achieve fine management at the battery module level, generate more discharge, achieve better LCOS, and help move from photovoltaic parity to photovoltaic parity.
In September 2020, China made it clear at the United Nations General Assembly that carbon dioxide emissions strive to peak by 2030 and carbon neutral by 2060. Since the signing of the Paris Agreement, 28 countries around the world plan to be carbon neutral by the middle of this century, which has greatly boosted the confidence of the international community to jointly promote the "green recovery" of the world economy after the epidemic.
"carbon neutralization" has become a world trend. in the period of rapid development of photovoltaic, wind power and energy storage in the 14th five-year Plan, the important value of energy storage + new energy large-scale application has reached a consensus.
Under the ambitious goal of the transformation of the global energy strategy, photovoltaic will become the absolute main energy. If photovoltaic is to become the main energy, the combination of light and storage is an inevitable trend. As a key supporting technology, energy storage is an important support to improve clean energy efficiency, ensure the safe operation of Electroweb, achieve coordinated development of source grid load, and help clean energy transformation. Only by the real integration of "light + storage" can we match the standard thermal power, and "light storage parity" is the real parity. When the cost of energy storage falls faster than expected, the time node for "new energy + energy storage" to become the main energy is expected to arrive earlier than expected in the past.
At the same time, the era of intelligence is coming. 5G, artificial intelligence, cloud technology and so on are having a profound impact, and even redefining various industries, digital transformation is an inevitable trend. If digital information technology and energy storage technology are combined, more chemical reactions will be generated. Through the integration with digitization, the energy storage system will become more efficient, more stable and more secure. At present, many problems faced by the energy storage market, such as system safety, system efficiency, battery life, operation and maintenance, will be easily solved.
Yu Zhenhua, executive vice chairman of the Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance, pointed out that with technological innovation, the spring of the energy storage industry has come, and the next decade will be a better one. According to the (IRENA) of the International Renewable Energy Agency, the cumulative installed scale of global energy storage is expected to reach more than 9000GWh in 2050. Considering the further promotion of carbon neutralization, the market potential is even greater.
It is predicted that China's carbon emissions will reach a peak of 11.6 billion tons by 2030, which is a key milestone in achieving carbon neutralization. In the next decade, non-fossil energy will become the main force of incremental energy demand for the first time. It is estimated that China's total energy consumption will increase by 20% from 2020 to 2030. Among them, non-fossil energy is the key to meet the incremental demand, and the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy is expected to rise from 16.4% to 26.0%, of which photovoltaic and wind power have the greatest potential for future development.
However, with the continuous improvement of new energy penetration, half of the world's regions will face the problem of weak Electroweb in the next five years, and the requirements of network stability will continue to improve. At present, there is still a significant gap between photovoltaic and traditional energy in supporting Electroweb. As a flexible resource, energy storage technology can provide services such as frequency modulation and peak regulation for the power system, and help new energy move from adapting to Electroweb to strengthening Electroweb. If photovoltaic is to become the main energy, the integration of light and storage is an inevitable trend. Thus it can be seen that energy storage has become a necessary enabling technology, and it is an important support to improve clean energy efficiency, ensure the safe operation of Electroweb, achieve coordinated development of source and network, and help clean energy transformation.
With the acceleration of the global electrification process, the demand for electricity will continue to rise. According to the international renewable energy (IRENA) forecast, by 2050, the global annual power generation will reach 55000 TWh, of which renewable energy will account for 86%; the total installed capacity will reach 20,000 GW, of which the installed capacity of photovoltaic will reach 8510GW, and the installed capacity of wind power will reach 6044GW, accounting for 72.8%. Photovoltaic will be the absolute main source of energy in the future.
Due to the discontinuous, unstable and uncontrollable characteristics of power generation from renewable energy such as wind and solar energy, the large-scale integration of renewable energy into Electroweb will have a serious impact on the safe and stable operation of Electroweb, and apply energy storage to the field of power transmission and distribution. Participate in frequency modulation, voltage support, peak shaving, backup capacity reactive power support, alleviate line congestion, delay the expansion and upgrading of transmission and distribution and serve as DC power supply in substations. It can well alleviate a series of problems caused by the integration of new energy into the grid. Among them, in the application scenarios such as new energy power output stabilization and planned output tracking, the energy storage will be configured on the new energy generation side; in the application scenarios such as Electroweb frequency adjustment and network power flow optimization, the energy storage will be configured on the transmission side; in distributed, mobile energy storage and other application scenarios, energy storage will be configured on the distribution side. Therefore, energy storage technology is the key core technology to promote the popularization and application of renewable energy and realize energy saving and emission reduction.
The existing energy storage methods mainly include physical energy storage, electromagnetic energy storage and electrochemical energy storage. The commonly used energy storage methods at home and abroad are pumping energy storage and electrochemical energy storage. However, due to the influence of geographical conditions, pumping energy storage is not suitable for large-scale application, so electrochemical energy storage is the mainstream design scheme in the field of photovoltaic power generation.
In terms of market application, electrochemical energy storage is mainly dominated by lithium-ion battery, followed by lead battery, and the rest, such as liquid flow battery, super capacitor, sodium-sulfur battery and so on, are developing rapidly.
In the field of photovoltaic power generation, from the point of view of photovoltaic energy storage, the energy storage needs of centralized ground power stations, distributed power stations and household photovoltaic power stations are different. Among them, lead-acid batteries are mostly used in distributed photovoltaic power stations, and lithium batteries are mostly used in centralized ground photovoltaic power stations and household photovoltaic power stations because of their low cost and low upfront investment. other electrochemical energy storage methods such as liquid flow batteries, super capacitors, sodium-sulfur batteries also have a few applications.
According to CNESA statistics, by the end of 2019, China has put into operation the cumulative installed scale of photovoltaic energy storage projects (including molten salt heat storage projects) is 800.1MW, and the installed scale of centralized photovoltaic power stations is 625.1MW. Among them, the installed scale of the new optical storage project was 320.5MW, an increase of 16.2% over the same period last year.
During the 14th five-year Plan period, with the release of more favorable policies, the support for the application of electrochemical energy storage will be gradually increased, and the market scale will continue to increase. Up to now, 18 provinces, including Shanxi, Ningxia, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Guizhou, have issued energy storage plans for new energy allocation, and "photovoltaic + energy storage" will also become the mainstream mode for the development of photovoltaic power stations in the future.
In terms of electrochemical energy storage, the proportion of lithium energy storage in China has increased from 51% to 99% from 2017 to 2020, and lithium battery energy storage technology will become the mainstream energy storage technology in the future. According to the prediction of the industry, by the end of 2025, the installed scale of the electrochemical energy storage market will exceed that of 24GW.
Despite the continuous development of energy storage technology in recent years, the current LCOS (leveled energy storage cost) does not have a strong competitiveness, and the energy storage market still faces many challenges. The main problems are: low safety, low efficiency, short life, difficult operation and maintenance of energy storage products.
Facing the difficulties and challenges in the industry, the innovation of energy storage technology is the key breakthrough. Inspired by the group series photovoltaic inverter, that is, the "group series" compared with the "centralized" inverter, through the fine management of multi-channel MPPT, it can minimize the influence of mismatch between groups and improve the power generation of the system. Serial type has more advantages in terms of failure rate, system security and operation and maintenance efficiency, and has become the mainstream of the industry. Therefore, using similar ideas for reference, the solution of intelligent group series energy storage system appears.
As a key part of optical storage fusion power generation, energy storage system needs to have many complex functions, such as Electroweb frequency modulation, voltage support, peak cutting and valley filling, backup capacity reactive power support and so on, which puts forward higher requirements for its intelligent technology. With the technological innovation and the application of ICT intelligent technology, many problems faced by the energy storage market, such as system safety, system efficiency, battery life, difficulty of operation and maintenance, and so on, will be easily solved. More importantly, through the innovative design of "string", "intelligent" and "modular" of the energy storage system, the intelligent series energy storage solution can manage the energy more finely, generate more discharge, achieve LCOS optimization, and finally help to move from photovoltaic parity to photovoltaic parity.
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