Ex-China Rare Earth Scrap Recycling: From "Technology Verification" to "Locking in Materials and Customers" [SMM Analysis]
While the global rare earth recycling rate remains below 1%, Europe and the United States accelerated support for domestic recycling capacity in 2025—the EU Critical Raw Materials Act requires that at least 25% of strategic raw material consumption come from recycling by 2030, and China’s series of export controls in 2025 has also turned “urban mining” from an ESG slogan into a supply-chain necessity. But what is truly driving the industry’s inflection point is not policy documents, but the intensive build-out on the recycling side by top-tier players such as MP Materials, Noveon, Cyclic Materials, HyProMag, and Carester. They have all shifted the competitive focus from “laboratory recovery rates” to “who can reliably secure scrap magnets and who can turn recycled powder into material that magnet manufacturers are willing to sign long-term supply agreements for.”